Edible films based on milk proteins release effectively active immunoglobulins

Objectives: The goal of this study was to develop novel compositions of edible protein coatings based on immunoglobulin (Ig) fraction from bovine milk. Protein coatings can be used to protect foods against microbial, chemical, and physical damage. We developed novel compositions of edible protein coatings based on immunoglobulin (Ig) fraction from bovine milk. A lot of Ig could be obtained from under-utilized side streams of dairy industry. To the best of our knowledge, such use of the Ig fraction has not been published earlier.Materials and Methods: Bovine colostral Ig's were incorporated in edible films based on various milk proteins and investigated the characteristics of the films including solubility of Ig's and nisin and on technological properties of films. Ig's specific to cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were produced to colostrums by hyperimmunizing cows before parturition.Results: The milk Ig rich fraction suited well as a component of milk protein films. The Ig's dissolved from the films very rapidly. Nisin, commoly used for food protection, was used as a model of antimicrobial peptide. Nisin was released biologically active from both beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) and beta-lg/Ig films. Nisin exerted its bactericidal effect at clearly lower concentrations in the beta-lg/Ig films when compared with beta-lg film. Nisin also retained its activity better in film containing Ig-enriched whey. Incorporating Ig-enriched whey into films enhanced adhesion and tensile strength of the films. The Ig-enriched whey also affected strongly on the appearance of films based on commercial whey protein concentrate in a dose-dependent way by making the films more smooth, transparent, and clear which are all favoured properties in most food and pharmaceutical applications.Conclusions: Biologically active Ig's can be successfully incorporated in and released from milk protein based edible films. The content of Igs in films affected considerably technological properties of these films. Composition of other proteins in films had effect on preservability and release of Igs.</div

APOE Genotypes, Lipid Profiles, and Associated Clinical Markers in a Finnish Population with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Introduction: The APOE ε4 allele predisposes to high cholesterol and increases the risk for lifestyle-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to analyse interrelationships of APOE genotypes with lipid metabolism and lifestyle factors in middle-aged Finns among whom the CVD risk factors are common. Methods: Participants (n = 211) were analysed for APOE ε genotypes, physiological parameters, and health- and diet-related plasma markers. Lifestyle choices were determined by a questionnaire. Results: APOE genotypes ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 (ε4 group) represented 34.1% of the participants. Genotype ε3/ε3 (ε3 group) frequency was 54.5%. Carriers of ε2 (ε2 group; ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε4) represented 11.4%; 1.9% were of the genotype ε2/ε4. LDL and total cholesterol levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the ε2 carriers than in the ε3 or ε4 groups, while the ε3 and ε4 groups did not differ. Proportions of plasma saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were higher (p < 0.01), and omega-6 fatty acids lower (p = 0.01) in the ε2 carriers compared with the ε4 group. The ε2 carriers had a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 and a lower (p < 0.05) percentage of 24:5n-3 and 24:6n-3 than individuals without the ε2 allele. Conclusions: The plasma fatty-acid profiles in the ε2 group were characterized by higher SFA and lower omega-6 fatty-acid proportions. Their lower cholesterol values indicated a lower risk for CVD compared with the ε4 group. A novel finding was that the ε2 carriers had different proportions of 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6, 24:5n-3, and 24:6n-3 than individuals without the ε2 allele. The significance of the differences in fatty-acid composition remains to be studied.Peer reviewe

Effect of homogenised and pasteurised versus native cows' milk on gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal pressure and postprandial lipid metabolism

Some people experience gastrointestinal symptoms related to cow's milk consumption even if neither lactose intolerance nor cow's milk allergy can be diagnosed. To investigate whether milk homogenization could cause gastrointestinal problems, homogenized and pasteurized milk and native milk were served to eleven volunteers who reported such sensitivity in a random order together with an ingestible pressure measuring capsule. Postprandial lipemia did not differ between the two milk types, but significant differences were found in the postprandial plasma fatty acid composition. No significant difference was found in the amount of gastrointestinal symptoms or in the intestinal pressure after the consumption of native and processed milk. However, the obtained results on pressure in the large intestine (P = 0.068) as well as reported symptoms (P = 0.103) suggest that further studies in this area are needed with a bigger subject group and with longer exposure times to differently processed milk types. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Helicobacter felis infection in mouse alters the amount of peripheral blood phagocytic leukocytes

vEK

Marjapihloniaa (X Sorbaronia mitschurinii) terveydeksi

Marjojen ja hedelmien suuren kulutuksen kokonaisina (ei sokeroituina mehuina) on lukuisissa kliinisissä tutkimuksissa havaittu johdonmukaisesti estävän lihomista. Lihomista estävän vaikutuksen takana on useita erilaisia mekanismeja. Osassa niistä vaikutus liittyy kasvien fytokemikaaleihin mukaan lukien fenoliset yhdisteet. Liikalihavuus kasvattaa voimakkaasti riskiä sairastua esim. verenpainetautiin, metaboliseen oireyhtymään, 2-tyypin diabetekseen, valtimonkovettumatautiin ja niveltulehduksiin – sairauksiin, jotka ovat yleistyneet. Marjapihlonia (aik. marja-aronia) on harvinaisen rikas fenolisten yhdisteiden lähde. Näiden yhdisteiden kokonaispitoisuus marjapihloniassa on niin korkea, ettei missään muussa yleisesti käytetyssä hedelmässä tai marjassa ole vastaavaa. Marjapihlonian nauttimisen edulliset vaikutukset rasva aineenvaihduntaan on hyvin dokumentoitu ja sen katsotaan olevan terveellinen ruoka-aine diabeetikoille. Uudeksi mielenkiintoiseksi tutkimusalueeksi on nousemassa marjojen ja hedelmien vaikutukset aivojen terveyteen. Korkea verenpaine on merkittävä riskiä lisäävä tekijä sydän- ja verisuonitaudeissa, jotka ovat Euroopassa kaikkein yleisin vakavan sairastumisen ja kuoleman aiheuttaja, useimmiten valtimokovettumataudin takia. Marjapihlonian fenoliset yhdisteet sisältävä uute on kliinisissä kokeissa laskenut verenpainetta verenpainetautipotilailla. Specicrop–hankkeessa tutkimme suomalaisesta marjapihloniasta (X Sorbaronia mitschurinii, lajike ‘Viking’) tehdyn mehun vaikutuksia erisuuruisina annoksina rottiin, joilla oli synnynnäinen verenpainetauti. Mittasimme myös rottien veren tulehduksen merkkiaineita nähdäksemme vaikuttaako marjapihloniamehu verenpainetaudille tyypilliseen krooniseen tulehdukseen. Tutkimuksesta saatiin rohkaisevia tuloksia.201

Chokeberry (X Sorbaronia mitschurinii) for health

High consumption of berries and fruits as whole (not as high sugar juices) have in numerous clinical studies consistently shown to have an anti-obesity effect. There are several mechanisms behind. A part of them are attributed to phytochemicals including phenolic compounds. Obesity is associated with increased risk for widespread diseases, including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis and arthritis, disorders with increasing incidence. Chokeberries are exceptionally rich source of phenolic compounds. The content of total phenolics is so high that no other common edible fruit or berry can surpass it. The beneficial effects of chokeberry juice on lipid metabolism are well documented. Chokeberry is considered to be beneficial food for diabetes patients. An interesting new area is the effects of berries and fruits on central nervous system. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease which is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe, usually due to atherosclerosis. Chokeberry phenolic extracts have in clinical trials been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients. In Specicrop project we studied effects of different dosages of Finnish chokeberry (X Sorbaronia mitschurinii, var. Viking) juice on blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rats. We also measured the inflammatory cytokines in rat blood in order to see the potential beneficial effects of the chokeberry juice on chronic inflammation which is typical in hypertension. The study provided encouraging data.201

Specific immune colostrum in the treatment of Helicobacter felis induced gastritis in mouse

vokET

Immune colostrum in the prevention of Helicobacter felis infection in mouse

vokET