Microorganisms in the rhizosphere of useful tropical plants.

The cupuacu tree (Theobroma grandiflorum (wild. ex Spreng.) Schum.) and the pupunha tree (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) are grown trhoughout the Amazon region as part of orchards or small scale production systems. In a preliminary study the number of oligotrophic not nitrogen-fixing, oligotropic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and fungi associated with the root surface, soil in 2mm-10mm and soil in> 10mm-200mm from the root surface were assessed. The highest number of the culturable bacteria were associated with the rhizoplane. With greater distance from the root surface the total number of bacteria decreased

Crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de cafeeiro em diferentes regimes hídricos e dosagens de fertirrigação Initial growth of two coffee cultivars in different hydric regimes and fertigation dosages

O experimento foi conduzido no Centro Técnico de Irrigação (CTI), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), tendo como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes regimes hídricos (irrigado e não irrigado) e fertirrigação, combinados com diferentes doses de adubo para N (15; 30; 45 e 60 g m-1), P (3; 6; 9 e 12 g m-1) e K (15; 30; 45 e 60 g m-1), na fase de crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de café, na região noroeste do Paraná. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis de crescimento da cultura: diâmetro de copa, altura de planta e número de ramos plagiotrópicos totais. Observou-se que a fertirrigação e a irrigação influenciaram no desenvolvimento inicial do cafeeiro, aumentando os valores de todas as variáveis avaliadas. A interação entre regimes hídricos e fertirrigação versus doses de NPK foi significativa para algumas variáveis de crescimento, porém esses resultados não apresentaram tendência comum, que permitisse constatar qual a dose mais indicada para cada regime hídrico na fase de crescimento inicial do cafeeiro.<br>The experiment was conducted at the Technical Center for Irrigation, Maringá State University. The objective was to evaluate the effects of different water regimes (irrigation and no irrigation) and fertilization-irrigation, combined with different manure doses for N (15; 30; 45 and 60 g m-1), P (3; 6; 9 and 12 g m-1) and K (15; 30; 45 and 60 g m-1), during the initial growth phase of two coffee cultivars, in the north-western region of the state of Paraná. The following culture growth variables were evaluated: top diameter, height of plant and number of total plagiotropic branches. Fertilization-irrigation and irrigation affected the initial development of coffee, increasing the values of all evaluated variables. Interaction between water regimes and fertilization-irrigation with NPK doses was significant for certain growth variables, however results didn't present a common trend, that would indicate which dose was adequate for each water regime during the initial growth phase of the coffee shrub

Teores de nutrientes em cultivares de café arábica submetidos à deriva de glyphosate Nutrient content in arabica coffee cultivars subjected to glyphosate drift

Avaliaram-se, neste trabalho, os efeitos do glyphosate sobre os teores foliares de nutrientes em três cultivares de café (Coffea arabica). Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (3 x 5) em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por três cultivares de café: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) e Topázio (MG-1190); e cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha-1). Aos 45 e 120 DAA, coletaram-se folhas (terceiro par) de ramos plagiotrópicos, contidos na parte mediana das plantas. Os sintomas de intoxicação foram caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar para os três cultivares de café. Houve redução nos teores foliares de N, P, K, Cu e Zn aos 45 DAA e de N, K, Mn e Zn aos 120 DAA nas plantas de café tratadas com glyphosate, independentemente do cultivar utilizado. O cultivar Topázio apresentou as maiores reduções nos teores foliares de Fe e Mn, aos 45 DAA, e de P e Fe, aos 120 DAA.<br>The effects of glyphosate on the foliar levels of nutrients in three coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica) were evaluated in this work. A factorial (3 x 5) was used in a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments consisting of three coffee varieties: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) and Topázio (MG-1190) and five glyphosate doses (0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g ha-1). At 45 and 120 DAA, leaves (third pair) from plagiotrophic branches were collected from the medium part of the plants. Glyphosate intoxication symptoms were characterized by chlorosis and leaf narrowing for the three coffee varieties. There was a reduction in foliar levels of N, P, K, Cu and Zn at 45 DAA, and N, K, Mn and Zn at 120 DAA, in coffee plants treated with glyphosate, regardless of the cultivar used. Cultivar Topázio showed the greatest reductions in the foliar levels of Fe and Mn, at 45 DAA and P and Fe, at 120 DAA, when treated with glyphosate