Bacterial chromosome organization II: few special cross-links, cell confinement, and molecular crowders play the pivotal roles

Using a bead-spring model of bacterial DNA polymers of {\em C. crescentus} and {\em E. coli} we show that just $33$ and $38$ effective cross-links at special positions along the chain contour of the DNA can lead to the large-scale organization of the DNA polymer, where confinement effects of the cell walls play a key role in the organization. The positions of the $33$ cross-links along the chain contour are chosen from the contact map data of {\em C. crescentus}. We represent $1000$ base pairs as a coarse-grained monomer in our bead-spring flexible ring polymer model of the DNA. Thus a $4017$ beads on a flexible ring polymer represents the {\em C. crescentus} DNA with $4017$ kilo-base pairs. Choosing suitable parameters from our preceding study, we also incorporate the role of molecular crowders and the ability of the chain to release topological constraints. We validate our prediction of the organization of the {\em C. crescentus} with available experimental contact map data and also give a prediction of the approximate positions of different segments within the cell in 3D. For the {\em E. coli} chromosome with $4.6$ million base pairs, we need around $38$ effective cross-links with cylindrical confinement to organize the chromosome. We also predict the 3D organization of the {\em E. coli} chromosome segments within the cylinder which represents the cell wall.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Origin of spatial organization of DNA-polymer in bacterial chromosomes

In-vivo DNA organization at large length scales ($\sim 100nm$) is highly debated and polymer models have proved useful to understand the principle of DNA-organization. Here, we show that $<2$% cross-links at specific points in a ring polymer can lead to a distinct spatial organization of the polymer. The specific pairs of cross-linked monomers were extracted from contact maps of bacterial DNA. We are able to predict the structure of 2 DNAs using Monte Carlo simulations of the bead-spring polymer with cross-links at these special positions. Simulations with cross-links at random positions along the chain show that the organization of the polymer is different in nature from the previous case.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.0506

Using segmented objects in ostensive video shot retrieval

This paper presents a system for video shot retrieval in which shots are retrieved based on matching video objects using a combination of colour, shape and texture. Rather than matching on individual objects, our system supports sets of query objects which in total reflect the user’s object-based information need. Our work also adapts to a shifting user information need by initiating the partitioning of a user’s search into two or more distinct search threads, which can be followed by the user in sequence. This is an automatic process which maps neatly to the ostensive model for information retrieval in that it allows a user to place a virtual checkpoint on their search, explore one thread or aspect of their information need and then return to that checkpoint to then explore an alternative thread. Our system is fully functional and operational and in this paper we illustrate several design decisions we have made in building it

Antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. an indigenous medicinal plant against some human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi

The present investigation evaluates the antimicrobial activity of six different solvent exts. and isolated constituents of leaves of Albizia amara against a total of 21 microorganisms which consisted of seven human pathogenic bacteria, a phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris (NCIM 2954) and thirteen seed-​borne phytopathogenic fungi. Our result showed that, among the six solvent exts. tested, the chloroform ext. showed a higher antibacterial and antifungal activity followed by methanol, ethanol and hydro-​methanolic exts. resp. The chloroform, methanol and ethanol exts. exhibited antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 5.25 to 23.75, 6.25 to 23.25 and 7.25 to 22.7 mm resp. at 1mg​/mL concn. The minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) of the chloroform ext. ranged from 15μg​/mL to 500μg​/mL depending upon bacterial species. The most susceptible organism in the present investigation was Streptococcus faecalis (NCIM 5025)​, while the most resistant was Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027)​. Highest antifungal activity was obsd. in chloroform ext. followed by methanol ext. with percent of inhibition ranging from 30​% to 77.4​% and 17.4​% to 71.7​% resp. The IC50 value of chloroform ext. ranged from 0.5mg​/mL to 5.0mg​/mL depending upon fungal species. Among the tested fungi, Fusarium lateratum was highly sensitive and Aspergillus flavus was least sensitive. Chloroform ext. was subsequently fractionated and monitored for antibacterial activity guided assay leading to the isolation of active fraction and was confirmed as alkaloid by further phytochem. anal. The present study thus confirms antimicrobial property of A. amara and also demonstrated the role of A. amara used in traditional medicine

HSAS: Hindi Subjectivity Analysis System

With the development of Web 2.0, we are abundant with the documents expressing user's opinions, attitudes and sentiments in the textual form. This user generated textual content is an important source of information to make sound decisions by the organizations and the government. The textual information can be categorized into two types: facts and opinions. Subjectivity analysis is the automatic extraction of subjective information from the opinions posted by users and divides the content into subjective and objective sentences. Most of the works in subjectivity analysis exists for English language data but with the introduction of unicode standards UTF-8, Hindi language content on the web is growing very rapidly. In this paper, Hindi Subjectivity Analysis System (HSAS) is proposed. It explores two different methods of generating subjectivity lexicon using the available resources in English language and their comparative evaluation in performing the task of subjectivity analysis at the sentence level. The first method uses English language OpinionFinder subjectivity lexicon. The second method uses a small seed word list of Hindi language and expands it to generate subjectivity lexicon. Different evaluation strategies are used to validate the lexicon. We achieved 71.4% agreement with human annotators and ~80% accuracy in classification on a parallel data set in English and Hindi. Extensive simulations conducted on the test dataset confirm the validity of the suggested method

A framework for evaluating automatic image annotation algorithms

Several Automatic Image Annotation (AIA) algorithms have been introduced recently, which have been found to outperform previous models. However, each one of them has been evaluated using either different descriptors, collections or parts of collections, or "easy" settings. This fact renders their results non-comparable, while we show that collection-specific properties are responsible for the high reported performance measures, and not the actual models. In this paper we introduce a framework for the evaluation of image annotation models, which we use to evaluate two state-of-the-art AIA algorithms. Our findings reveal that a simple Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach using Global MPEG-7 Features outperforms state-of-the-art AIA models across several collection settings. It seems that these models heavily depend on the set of features and the data used, while it is easy to exploit collection-specific properties, such as tag popularity especially in the commonly used Corel 5K dataset and still achieve good performance

HSRA: Hindi stopword removal algorithm

In the last few years, electronic documents have been the main source of data in many research areas like Web Mining, Information Retrieval, Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing etc. Text Processing plays a vital role for processing structured or unstructured data from the web. Preprocessing is the main step in any text processing systems. One significant preprocessing technique is the elimination of functional words, also known as stopwords, which affects the performance of text processing tasks. An efficient stopword removal technique is required in all text processing tasks. In this paper, we are proposing a stopword removal algorithm for Hindi Language which is using the concept of a Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA). A large number of available works on stopword removal techniques are based on dictionary containing stopword lists. Then pattern matching technique is applied and the matched patterns, which is a stopword, is removed from the document. It is a time consuming task as searching process takes a long time. This makes the method inefficient and very expensive. In comparison of that, our algorithm has been tested on 200 documents and achieved 99% accuracy and also time efficient

Low Temperature Electrical Resistivity Studies in Lead Thin Films

Thin lead films of thickness, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm and 250 nm have been deposited using electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature onto glass substrates under high vacuum conditions. Films were investigated for electrical resistivity at low temperatures from 77 K to 300 K. Resistivity variation with temperature indicates transition from metallic to semiconductor behavior. Transition tem-perature increased with increasing film thickness. Temperature coefficient of resistance in the metallic re-gion has been determined for all the four films. Using Arrhenius relation, activation energy for conduction in metallic region has been determined. Mott’s small polaron hopping model has been employed to deter-mine activation energy in the semiconducting region. In a film of 250 nm thick, deviation from Mott’s small polaron hopping model for below 100 K was noted and that has been considered under Mott’s variable range hopping model. The complete understanding of electrical properties of Pb films has been necessitat-ed by the fact that the band gap in CdS decreases when Pb is incorporated into it, which in turn can be used to fabricated large efficient solar cells. It is for the first time that lead films of the present thickness have been investigated for low temperature resistivity. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3197