4,510 research outputs found
The Contribution of Hot Electron Spin Polarization to the Magnetotransport in a Spin-Valve Transistor at Finite Temperatures
The effect of spin mixing due to thermal spin waves and temperature
dependence of hot electron spin polarization to the collector current in a
spin-valve transistor has been theoretically explored. We calculate the
collector current as well as the temperature dependence of magnetocurrent at
finite temperatures to investigate the relative importance of spin mixing and
hot electron spin polarization. In this study the inelastic scattering events
in ferromagnetic layers have been taken into account to explore our interests.
The theoretical calculations suggest that the temperature dependence of hot
electron spin polarization has substantial contribution to the magnetotransport
in the spin-valve transistor.Comment: 8 pages and 6 figure
Quantum Discord and Quantum Computing - An Appraisal
We discuss models of computing that are beyond classical. The primary
motivation is to unearth the cause of nonclassical advantages in computation.
Completeness results from computational complexity theory lead to the
identification of very disparate problems, and offer a kaleidoscopic view into
the realm of quantum enhancements in computation. Emphasis is placed on the
`power of one qubit' model, and the boundary between quantum and classical
correlations as delineated by quantum discord. A recent result by Eastin on the
role of this boundary in the efficient classical simulation of quantum
computation is discussed. Perceived drawbacks in the interpretation of quantum
discord as a relevant certificate of quantum enhancements are addressed.Comment: To be published in the Special Issue of the International Journal of
Quantum Information on "Quantum Correlations: entanglement and beyond." 11
pages, 4 figure
Fuzzy Logic Based Quadrant LEACH Protocol for WSN
Energy is predominant factor to be considered in designing WSN clustering algorithm in vogue achieve energy efficiency and LEACH is significant one. LEACH uses probability mode and energy efficiency is not maximized. Partition of network into quadrants yield efficient energy utilization reduction of transmission of load of sensor nodes and of optimum position of cluster head. Fuzzy logic technique have inherent ability to integrate numeric and logic aspects of reasoning necessary to deal with multiple parameters for cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks. The proposed work partition sensing area into four quadrants for better area coverage. The centralized clustering protocols utilize fuzzy logic to select cluster head based on the parameters energy expenditure and distance of node from base station. The developed FQL protocol is compared with AODV and QL protocol for metrics, average energy consumed and packet delivery ratio. The results depict the validity of protocol
Large scale farming of green mussel in Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala
Green mussel, Perna viridis, farming is spreading
fast in the lower stretches of Ashtamudi Lake in
Kollam district of Southern Kerala. Huge demand
for green mussel in the northern part of Kerala has
resulted in significant increase in its price. The price
has increased to ` 10,000 per gunny bag of 70 kg
for medium sized mussel (50-100 mm) whereas
larger ones (120 -150 mm) fetch prices as high as `
400 per kg (8 pieces). This has prompted local
fishermen to try mussel farming using on bottom
method of mussel culture which some farmers
practiced earlier with locally available seed
Seasonal availability and population structure of Eurobowmaniella simulans W. Tattersall, 1915 (Crustacea: Mysida) along Vizhinjam coast, Kerala, India
Eurobowmaniella simulans is the commonly available species of mysid
along the Vizhinjam coast of Kerala. Sampling of mysids has been
carried out over a period of one year from March 2014 to February
2015 to study the seasonal availability and population structure.
Monthly samples of mysids consisted of individuals in various
developmental stages, from juveniles to mature mysids around the
year, but their percentage availability varied. The peak availability of
mysids was recorded during September (2014) (avg. 48,731 numbers
per haul) and their availability was lowest in July (2014) with an
average of 2 individuals per haul. The availability of brooding or
ovigerous females were observed throughout the year and highest and
lowest percentage availability was during November (2014) and April
(2014) respectively. Morphometric measurements of E. simulans
revealed that their average size (TL) ranged from 2.35±0.52 mm-
(juvenile) to 7.47±1.75 mm (adult). Sex could be first distinguished
externally when mysid attains the total length between 4.1 mm and 5
mm. Analysis of variance of different water quality parameters and
mysid density comparing seasons revealed that there was significant
variation of mysid availability between seasons (P < 0.05). Multivariate
Pearson’s correlation analysis of water quality parameters and mysid
density showed that there was a significant relation with chlorophyll a
content (P < 0.001) of seawater. The present study also revealed that
mysids are available in harvestable quantities for aquaculture purposes
from August to November
Morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) caught from the Vizhinjam Coast, Kerala, India
The morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of the little Indian squid, Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) were studied based on samples collected from boat seine operated along the Vizhinjam Coast. The species was found to be a new entrant to the fishery along the Vizhinjam Coast. A total of 27 morphometric characters were measured and 13 indices were calculated and reported. Dorsal mantle length (DML) of the specimens ranged from 2.6 to 6.8 cm with a mean DML of 4.5±0.88 cm. The largest specimen observed was a male with DML 6.8 cm. Fully mature (Stage IV) specimens were found to have a higher gonadosomatic index (12.54±2.64 in females and 0.8±0.21 in males). Average length and width of spermatophores were 3.078±0.092 mm and 0.11±0.02 mm respectively. Samples with higher DML were in advanced maturity stages (Stage V). Size composition (DML) of samples revealed that 50% of squids were within the 4-5 cm size range
A donor hemovigilance study: evaluation of adverse reactions to blood donors at tertiary care teaching hospital
Background: Donor hemovigilance is an important aspect of the hemovigilance system and contributes to decrease the blood donor’s complications and improving blood donor safety and functioning of blood bank. Reporting of adverse reactions associated with blood donations has been covered under National blood donor vigilance programme. This study was carried out to estimate the adverse events in blood donors and to promote their safety.Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 6 months, from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 after getting approval from institutional ethics committee at tertiary care teaching hospital. Prior informed consent was obtained and donor confidentiality was ensured. The donors were observed for adverse event during or after donation. For delayed reactions, donors were requested to contact the researcher or designated departmental staff. Data was collected in case record form. Data entry was done in excel 2013 and appropriate Statistical test (chi square) was applied.Results: During study period total 7970 donors were registered, out of which 53.27% donors have donated their blood in blood camps and 46.72% have in blood bank. Incidence of donor reactions was 1.54%. Incidence of adverse reaction was higher at blood camps (58.53%). Authors found highest number of cases of mild vaso vagal type reactions (53%). Other types of reactions observed were painful arm, hematoma, delayed bleeding, tingling and moderate type of vaso vagal reaction.Conclusions: Authors did not find any major serious events like convulsion, thrombophlebitis or arterial puncture during study period. It considers that safety of donors was maintained
Drug price control order: the impact on pharmacoeconomics
Background: The objective of the present study was to analyze the prices of metformin, losartan, atorvastatin, paracetamol and aspirin for the doses which are included in the list of Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) 2013.Methods: Current index medical specialties India, 37th year, April-July 2015 issue was used for analysis. The retail prices of the drugs in INR were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The prices of the above listed drugs were compared with prices of DPCO 2013 for the same doses of drugs. The analysis of drugs costing more than the prices listed in the DPCO with the margin of the difference in percentage was carried out.Results: Out of 25 brands of metformin 500 mg tablet, 11 (44%) brands had price higher than listed in DPCO 2013. Similarly, prices for losartan 25 mg and 50 mg tablets, 8 (25%) out of 32 and 11 (31.42%) out of 35 were higher respectively. For atorvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, 2 (9.52%) out of 21 and 8 (13.55%) out of 59 brands had higher prices. For paracetamol 500 mg tablet, 12 (63.15%) out of 19 brands were priced higher than DPCO list. For aspirin 100 mg tablet and 325 mg tablet, 3 (100%) out of 3 brands and 1 (100%) out of 1 brand had higher prices.Conclusions: Many of the brand formulations have higher prices than the DPCO 2013 issued by government of India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these brand formulations to reduce the cost of the drug therapy
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