1,398 research outputs found
Accumulation of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in black and white young adults over 20 years
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults is well described, but less is known regarding the order in which risk factors develop through young adulthood and their relation to subclinical atherosclerosis.
METHOD AND RESULTS: A total of 3178 black and white women and men in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were assessed to identify the order in which cardiovascular disease risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or high triglyceride levels), hypercholesterolemia (high total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and obesity develop. Observed patterns of risk factor development were compared with those expected if risk factors accumulated randomly, given their overall distribution in the population. Over the 20 years of follow-up, 80% of participants developed at least 1 risk factor. The first factor to occur was dyslipidemia in 39% of participants, obesity in 20%, hypercholesterolemia in 11%, hypertension in 7%, and diabetes in 1%. Dyslipidemia was the only risk factor both to occur first and to be followed by additional risk factors more often than expected (P \u3c 0.001 for both). Order of risk factor accrual did not affect subclinical atherosclerosis at year 20. Results were similar by sex, race, and smoking status.
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple patterns of cardiovascular risk factor development were observed from young adulthood to middle age. Dyslipidemia, a potentially modifiable condition, often preceded the development of other risk factors and may be a useful target for intervention and monitoring
Energy-efficient polymeric gas separation membranes for a sustainable future: AÂ review
AbstractOver the past three decades, polymeric gas separation membranes have become widely used for a variety of industrial gas separations applications. This review presents the fundamental scientific principles underpinning the operation of polymers for gas separations, including the solution-diffusion model and various structure/property relations, describes membrane fabrication technology, describes polymers believed to be used commercially for gas separations, and discusses some challenges associated with membrane materials development. A description of new classes of polymers being considered for gas separations, largely to overcome existing challenges or access applications that are not yet practiced commercially, is also provided. Some classes of polymers discussed in this review that have been the focus of much recent work include thermally rearranged (TR) polymers, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), perfluoropolymers, and high-performance polyimides
Arctic system on trajectory to new state
The Arctic system is moving toward a new state that falls outside the envelope of glacial-interglacial fluctuations that prevailed during recent Earth history. This future Arctic is likely to have dramatically less permanent ice than exists at present. At the present rate of change, a summer ice-free Arctic Ocean within a century is a real possibility, a state not witnessed for at least a million years. The change appears to be driven largely by feedback-enhanced global climate warming, and there seem to be few, if any processes or feedbacks within the Arctic system that are capable of altering the trajectory toward this âsuper interglacialâ state
Ursinus College Alumni Journal, July 1960
President\u27s page ⢠Dr. Paisley completes fifty years as President of the Board of Directors ⢠Dr. McClure salutes Dr. Paisley ⢠Senator Hugh Scott speaks at commencement ⢠Horton preaches Baccalaureate sermon ⢠Mrs. Omwake honored ⢠1960 Loyalty Fund ⢠Dr. Boswell retires ⢠Four professors given Bear Awards ⢠Memorial minute ⢠Faculty notes ⢠A student reviews the past year at Ursinus ⢠Alumni Day ⢠Alumni elections ⢠Thompson receives award ⢠Admissions\u27 problems ⢠Ursinus experiments in Swedish ⢠Commencement Day ⢠Colonel Campbell, \u2760 ⢠The generous American ⢠1960 Loyalty Fund breaks all records ⢠Lost alumni ⢠The alumnus / alumna ⢠A defense for the Alumni Association ⢠Edward L. French, \u2738 ⢠Paul E. Elicker, \u2714 ⢠Warren K. Hess, \u2731 ⢠Ursinus sends Morgan to NCAA track trials ⢠Best track season in Ursinus history ⢠Baseball review ⢠Varsity Club news ⢠Ursinus faces rebuilding job ⢠Girls\u27 spring sports ⢠Calling all grumblers ⢠News about ourselves ⢠Necrology ⢠Weddings ⢠Births ⢠Ursinus captain\u27s chairhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/alumnijournal/1065/thumbnail.jp
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Associations of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels During Young Adulthood With Later Cardiovascular Events.
BackgroundBlood pressure (BP) and cholesterol are major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but effects of exposures during young adulthood on later life CVD risk have not been well quantified.ObjectiveThe authors sought to evaluate the independent associations between young adult exposures to risk factors and later life CVD risk, accounting for later life exposures.MethodsThe authors pooled data from 6 U.S. cohorts with observations spanning the life course from young adulthood to later life, and imputed risk factor trajectories for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, systolic and diastolic BP starting from age 18 years for every participant. Time-weighted average exposures to each risk factor during young (age 18 to 39 years) and later adulthood (age âĽ40 years) were calculated and linked to subsequent risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), or stroke.ResultsA total of 36,030 participants were included. During a median follow-up of 17 years, there were 4,570 CHD, 5,119 HF, and 2,862 stroke events. When young and later adult risk factors were considered jointly in the model, young adult LDL âĽ100 mg/dl (compared with <100 mg/dl) was associated with a 64% increased risk for CHD, independent of later adult exposures. Similarly, young adult SBP âĽ130 mm Hg (compared with <120 mm Hg) was associated with a 37% increased risk for HF, and young adult DBP âĽ80 mm Hg (compared with <80 mm Hg) was associated with a 21% increased risk.ConclusionsCumulative young adult exposures to elevated systolic BP, diastolic BP and LDL were associated with increased CVD risks in later life, independent of later adult exposures
Strengthened Lindblad inequality: applications in non equilibrium thermodynamics and quantum information theory
A strengthened Lindblad inequality has been proved. We have applied this
result for proving a generalized -theorem in non equilibrium thermodynamics.
Information processing also can be considered as some thermodynamic process.
From this point of view we have proved a strengthened data processing
inequality in quantum information theory.Comment: 7 pages, revte
The Ensemble Photometric Variability of ~25000 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Using a sample of over 25000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars from the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we show how quasar variability in the rest frame
optical/UV regime depends upon rest frame time lag, luminosity, rest
wavelength, redshift, the presence of radio and X-ray emission, and the
presence of broad absorption line systems. The time dependence of variability
(the structure function) is well-fit by a single power law on timescales from
days to years. There is an anti-correlation of variability amplitude with rest
wavelength, and quasars are systematically bluer when brighter at all
redshifts. There is a strong anti-correlation of variability with quasar
luminosity. There is also a significant positive correlation of variability
amplitude with redshift, indicating evolution of the quasar population or the
variability mechanism. We parameterize all of these relationships. Quasars with
RASS X-ray detections are significantly more variable (at optical/UV
wavelengths) than those without, and radio loud quasars are marginally more
variable than their radio weak counterparts. We find no significant difference
in the variability of quasars with and without broad absorption line troughs.
Models involving multiple discrete events or gravitational microlensing are
unlikely by themselves to account for the data. So-called accretion disk
instability models are promising, but more quantitative predictions are needed.Comment: 41 pages, 21 figures, AASTeX, Accepted for publication in Ap
Twentyâ fiveâ year trajectories of insulin resistance and pancreatic Ă²â cell response and diabetes risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Background & AimsInsulin resistance is a risk marker for nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a risk factor for liver disease progression. We assessed temporal trajectories of insulin resistance and Ă²â cell response to serum glucose concentration throughout adulthood and their association with diabetes risk in nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsThree thousand and sixty participants from Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, a prospective biâ racial cohort of adults age 18â 30Ă years at baseline (1985â 1986; Y0) who completed up to 5 exams over 25Ă years and had fasting insulin and glucose measurement were included. At Y25 (2010â 2011), nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease was assessed by noncontrast computed tomography after exclusion of other liver fat causes. Latent mixture modelling identified 25â year trajectories in homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance and Ă²â cell response homeostatic model assessmentâ Ă².ResultsThree distinct trajectories were identified, separately, for homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (lowâ stable [47%]; moderateâ increasing [42%]; and highâ increasing [12%]) and homeostatic model assessmentâ Ă² (lowâ decreasing [16%]; moderateâ decreasing [63%]; and highâ decreasing [21%]). Y25 nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence was 24.5%. Among nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease, highâ increasing homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (referent: lowâ stable) was associated with greater prevalent (OR 95% CIĂ =Ă 8.0, 2.0â 31.9) and incident (ORĂ =Ă 10.5, 2.6â 32.8) diabetes after multivariable adjustment including Y0 or Y25 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance. In contrast, nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease participants with lowâ decreasing homeostatic model assessmentâ Ă² (referent: highâ decreasing) had the highest odds of prevalent (ORĂ =Ă 14.1, 3.9â 50.9) and incident (ORĂ =Ă 10.3, 2.7â 39.3) diabetes.ConclusionTrajectories of insulin resistance and Ă²â cell response during young and middle adulthood are robustly associated with diabetes risk in nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thus, how persons with nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease develop resistance to insulin provides important information about risk of diabetes in midlife above and beyond degree of insulin resistance at the time of nonâ alcoholic fatty liver disease assessment.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146427/1/liv13747_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146427/2/liv13747.pd
Association of the degree of adiposity and duration of obesity with measures of cardiac structure and function: The CARDIA study
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109634/1/oby20865.pd
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