A robust control algorithm for self supported dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)

The protection to the sensitive loads from voltage sags, swells and harmonics can be achieved using the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) in a cost effective manner. In this paper, a new control algorithm based on unit templates and instantaneous symmetrical component theory along with complex Fourier series is used for the generation of reference voltages for a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). These voltages, when injected in series with a distribution feeder by a voltage source converter (VSC) with PWM control, can tightly regulate the voltage at the load terminals against any power quality problem in the source side. A capacitor supported DVR does not need any active power during steady state because the voltage injected is in quadrature with the feeder current. The control of the DVR is implemented through derived reference load terminal voltages. The proposed control strategy is validated through extensive simulation studies using MATLAB with its Simulink and Sim Power System (SPS) toolboxes. The DVR is found suitable to support its dc bus voltage through the proposed control under various power quality disturbances on source side

Morphological and Morphometric Study of Coronary Sinus in Human Cadaveric Hearts in Gujarat Region, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The major vein draining blood from the heart is the Coronary Sinus (CS). Its significance in facilitating numerous cardiac treatments such as biventricular pacing, and the placement of a variety of cardiac devices has made the CS a therapeutically essential structure. The development of advanced invasive and interventional cardiac procedures requires a thorough understanding of CS anatomy. Aim: To determine the location, shape, length, and width of the CS together with its left atrial muscular coverage in hearts of formalin-fixed cadavers. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study in which data was collected from 90 adult human cadaveric hearts preserved with formalin from both sexes. Forty cadaveric heart was obtained from Department of Anatomy, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad and 50 from Dr. ND Desai Medical College and Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India and study was conducted from August 2020 to July 2022. External Lengths (EL) of CS were measured using thread and Vernier Calliper at different levels (EL1-From the entry of oblique vein into CS and EL2-From the point of union of the great cardiac vein and left marginal vein upto its termination). CS width was measured: at the beginning, at the point where Middle Cardiac Vein (MCV) enters, and at the point where it terminates in the right atrium. CS walls were examined to see whether the muscles of the left atrium covered them or not. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, a descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the range, mean, and standard deviation. Results: In all 90 (100%) hearts, CS was found in the posterior atrioventricular sulcus. Tubular-shaped CS was found in 80 (88.9%) hearts, while 10 (11.1%) hearts had funnel-shaped CS. The EL1 of the CS was 43.75±4.68 mm and EL2 was 40.19±5.62 mm. The width of the CS was 6.71±1.47 mm at the beginning, 8.49±1.89 mm at the entrance point of MCV, the maximum width at termination in the right atrium was 8.14±2.16 mm and the minimum width was 5.16±1.70 mm. Muscles of the left atrium covered CS in all cases. Conclusion: The CS has a variable location, shape, length, and width despite being a constant component of the heart’s venous system. Its importance in giving access to various cardiac procedures has made it a clinically significant structure. The baseline data of this study can help the cardiologists performing various cardiac procedures in the Gujarat population

Acute postoperative pain and dorsal root ganglia transcriptomic signatures following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in rats: An experimental study.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the final treatment option for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). Unfortunately, TKA surgery is accompanied by acute postoperative pain that is more severe than arthroplasty performed in other joints. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms specific to post-TKA pain necessitates an animal model that replicates clinical TKA procedures, induces acute postoperative pain, and leads to complete functional recovery. Here, we present a new preclinical TKA model in rats and report on functional and behavioral outcomes indicative of pain, analgesic efficacy, serum cytokine levels, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transcriptomes during the acute postoperative period. Following TKA, rats exhibited marked deficits in weight bearing that persisted for 28 days. Home cage locomotion, rearing, and gait were similarly impacted and recovered by day 14. Cytokine levels were elevated on postoperative days one and/or two. Treatment with morphine, ketorolac, or their combination improved weight bearing while gabapentin lacked efficacy. When TKA was performed in rats with OA, similar functional deficits and comparable recovery time courses were observed. Analysis of DRG transcriptomes revealed upregulation of transcripts linked to multiple molecular pathways including inflammation, MAPK signaling, and cytokine signaling and production. In summary, we developed a clinically relevant rat TKA model characterized by resolution of pain and functional recovery within five weeks and with pain-associated behavioral deficits that are partially alleviated by clinically administered analgesics, mirroring the postoperative experience of TKA patients

Acute postoperative pain and dorsal root ganglia transcriptomic signatures following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in rats: An experimental study

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the final treatment option for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). Unfortunately, TKA surgery is accompanied by acute postoperative pain that is more severe than arthroplasty performed in other joints. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms specific to post-TKA pain necessitates an animal model that replicates clinical TKA procedures, induces acute postoperative pain, and leads to complete functional recovery. Here, we present a new preclinical TKA model in rats and report on functional and behavioral outcomes indicative of pain, analgesic efficacy, serum cytokine levels, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transcriptomes during the acute postoperative period. Following TKA, rats exhibited marked deficits in weight bearing that persisted for 28 days. Home cage locomotion, rearing, and gait were similarly impacted and recovered by day 14. Cytokine levels were elevated on postoperative days one and/or two. Treatment with morphine, ketorolac, or their combination improved weight bearing while gabapentin lacked efficacy. When TKA was performed in rats with OA, similar functional deficits and comparable recovery time courses were observed. Analysis of DRG transcriptomes revealed upregulation of transcripts linked to multiple molecular pathways including inflammation, MAPK signaling, and cytokine signaling and production. In summary, we developed a clinically relevant rat TKA model characterized by resolution of pain and functional recovery within five weeks and with pain-associated behavioral deficits that are partially alleviated by clinically administered analgesics, mirroring the postoperative experience of TKA patients

Surgical procedure and implant positioning.

(A) Exposure of knee after anterior midline and medial parapatellar incisions. (B) Reaming of the femur. (C) Reaming of the tibia. (D) Trimming of the femoral condyle. (E) Trimming of the tibial condyle. (F) Knee after implantation of femoral and tibial prostheses. (G) Knee after patellar reduction and joint closure. (H) Knee after skin closure. (I) Fluoroscopic image of the knee in flexion immediately post-TKA. (J) Fluoroscopic image of the knee in extension immediately post-TKA. (K) Fluoroscopic image of the knee in flexion 5 weeks post-TKA. (L) Fluoroscopic image of the knee in extension 5 weeks post-TKA.</p

Differentially expressed transcripts in DRGs 24h after surgery (TKA/sham).

Differentially expressed transcripts in DRGs 24h after surgery (TKA/sham).</p

Functional recovery after TKA surgery in rats with OA.

(A) Lateral knee radiograph (left), H&E (middle), and Sirius red (right) staining of the proximal tibia from a healthy rat. (B) Lateral knee radiograph (left), H&E (middle), and Sirius red (right) staining of the proximal tibia from an OA rat 4 weeks post-DMM surgery. (C) Incapacitance at 4 weeks after DMM or Sham surgery. *, p D-H, rats underwent TKA or Sham surgery 4 weeks after OA induction via DMM (OA + TKA) or Sham (Sham + Sham) procedures, respectively. (D) Incapacitance, (E) home cage locomotion, (F) rearing, (G) SFI, and (H) stride length. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 vs baseline, as determined by One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test (n = 8).</p