Review of skin cancers terminology, etiology and treatment from ancient Persian medicine view point

Background: Skin cancers are the most prevalent type among the white with an increasing trend of incidence around the world and Iran. Scientific developments in diagnosing these cancers and using screening methods and utilizing treatment methods have contributed to the relative control of the cancer. Hence, it is necessary to consider other suggested approaches of complementary and traditional medicine to prevent and treat these cancers. Objective: The purpose of this review is to investigate the alternative remedies from the Persian Medicine; as a pioneer medical approach with an old history. Methods: In this review study, the medical textbooks of the golden era of Persian Medicine (9th to 19th centuries AD), i.e., the times of Razes and Avicenna, were explored and interesting opinions on skin malignancies were found. In addition, the phrase �skin cancers� was searched in databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The gleaned data were analyzed and compared. Results: The ancient Persian scholars knew the cancers and were forerunners in the description, classified, etiology and treatment of skin cancers. This study explored interesting opinions like nutrition and black bile clearance on skin malignancies treatment, also found no contradictory views between the Persian and modern medicine on the topic of skin cancers. Conclusion: Paying attention to the neglected areas can makes useful theories and hypotheses fore achievement to new more effective and safe remedies. © 2020. Open access

Cytotoxic effect of iris germanica l. Rhizomes extract on human melanoma cell line

Background: Melanoma is the leading cause of 80 of skin cancer worldwide due to its high proliferation rate, metastatic nature, and limited effective therapies. Given the rapid increase in its incidence compared to other skin cancers, new therapeutic agents are needed to control the disease. Scientists are interested in medicinal plants due to their anticancer properties. The rhizomes of the Iris germanica L., known as �Irsa�, is one of the herbs used in traditional Persian medicine for the treatment of various skin cancers. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the cytotoxic effects of Iris germanica on A375 melanoma and AGO-1522 normal human fibroblast cell lines for the first time. Methods: The ethanolic extract was prepared by the maceration method. Cell viability and cytotoxic activities were assessed through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometric assay, using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: IC50 values were estimated for the A375 melanoma and the AGO-1522 normal cell lines. We revealed that the IC50 for the A375 melanoma was 0.0438 mg/mL and for the AGO-1522 normal cell line was 0.8494 mg/mL after 48 hours of treatment. Further-more, flow cytometry analysis illustrated that 0.125 mg/mL of the Iris germanica extract could lead to 55.24 apoptosis of the A375 melanoma cell line. The same concentration of the Iris germanica extracts only lead to 8.76 apoptosis in the AGO-1522 cell line. Conclusions: Iris germanica extract has considerable cytotoxic effects on the human melanoma cell line. Further studies are re-quired to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of Iris germanica on melanoma cancer. © 2021, Author(s)

Nonlinear characterization of a bistable energy harvester dynamical system

International audienceThis chapter explores the nonlinear dynamics of a piezo-magneto-elastic bistable energy device system regards the influence of external forcing parameters influence on system response. Time series, Poincaré maps, phase space trajectories, and bifurcation diagrams are employed in order to reveals system dynamics complexity and nonlinear effects, such as chaos incidence and hysteresis

Data Aggregation Point Placement in Energy Harvesting Powered Smart Meter Networks

© 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Wireless smart meter network is a crucial component in the smart grid that collects customer information (e.g., gas, oil, and water consumptions) and links the customers to the utility company. The data aggregation point (DAP) acts as a data center that gathers metering information from surrounding smart meters and relays the data to the utility server. The positions of DAPs significantly affect network efficiency, which has been extensively studied in the literature. However, the DAP placement in energy harvesting powered smart meter network is still an open issue. In this paper, we investigate the DAP placement considering that smart meters harvest energy from surrounding DAPs. The position of DAP not only affects the network performance in terms of throughput but also alters the energy harvesting efficiencies. We conduct simulation evaluations and provide in-depth analysis aiming to shed light on the optimal DAP deployment for energy harvesting driven smart meter networks (SMNs)

Categorization of Functional Constipation in Traditional Persian Medicine: A Descriptive Study

Functional constipation (FC) is a common clinical condition without any specific physiological causes with economic cost and adverse effects on patients� quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the causes of nonobstructive constipation in traditional Persian medicine and its prevalence in patients with functional constipation by content analysis of patients� interviews and clinical exams. In this study, almost two thirds of the patients with functional constipation had mild to severe cold distemperament of the gastrointestinal system, and in almost half of them the signs and symptoms were compatible with dry distemperament of the gastrointestinal. This observational study reports high prevalence of gastrointestinal system distemperaments in patients with functional constipation. According to the results, we can consider the proposed management of distemperaments in traditional Persian medicine for functional constipation treatment and pathophysiology explanation. This project is a novel study that provides the opportunity for investigating the epidemiological aspects of these distemperaments and their relationship with functional constipation. © 2015, © The Author(s) 2015

Efficacy of the Malva sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract for functional constipation: A placebo-controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Malva sylvestris L. flowers extract for treatment of FC. Method: Adults with FC were allocated to receive the M.sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract syrup (MSL, 1g extract/day) or placebo for four weeks. Frequency of constipation symptoms and stool forms were assessed every week. Self-reported improvement was assessed after treatment. Results: Compared with placebo, more increase was observed in defecation frequency (F=18.8, P<0.001) and more decrease was observed in frequency of all constipation symptoms by MSL (F=16.5 to 25.3, all P values <0.001). Also, the MSL group experienced more reduction in frequency of hard stool forms (45.4 vs. 9.1, P<0.001) and reported more improvement in all symptoms (all P values <0.01) than placebo. Conclusion: The M.sylvestris L. flowers aqueous extract is efficacious and safe for the treatment of FC in adult patients. Investigating the mechanisms of action is warranted. IRCT2014031617032N1. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd