Embedded Reconfigurable Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network Applications

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Liver Tumor Prediction with Advanced Attention Mechanisms Integrated into a Depth-Based Variant Search Algorithm

In recent days, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have become an emerging transformation in the field of machine learning, artificial intelligence, computer vision, and so on. Subsequently, researchers and industries have been highly endorsed in the medical field, predicting and controlling diverse diseases at specific intervals. Liver tumor prediction is a vital chore in analyzing and treating liver diseases. This paper proposes a novel approach for predicting liver tumors using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and a depth-based variant search algorithm with advanced attention mechanisms (CNN-DS-AM). The proposed work aims to improve accuracy and robustness in diagnosing and treating liver diseases. The anticipated model is assessed on a Computed Tomography (CT) scan dataset containing both benign and malignant liver tumors. The proposed approach achieved high accuracy in predicting liver tumors, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, advanced attention mechanisms were incorporated into the CNN model to enable the identification and highlighting of regions of the CT scans most relevant to predicting liver tumors. The results suggest that incorporating attention mechanisms and a depth-based variant search algorithm into the CNN model is a promising approach for improving the accuracy and robustness of liver tumor prediction. It can assist radiologists in their diagnosis and treatment planning. The proposed system achieved a high accuracy of 95.5% in predicting liver tumors, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods

FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN. DURAZZ LEAF, STEM AND FLOWER EXTRACTS AGAINST CLINICALLY ISOLATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Objective: To test the antibacterial efficacy of leaf, stem, and flower extracts of Albizia julibrissin against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Extraction of active metabolites was carried out by using six different solvents, and total flavonoid content in each extract was determined by Aluminium chloride method. To determine the antibacterial activity of extracts, disc diffusion method and tube dilution method were carried out. Zone of inhibition and Minimum inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were calculated. Results: Methanolic extracts of leaf samples of A. julibrissin showed highest extractive value (5.14g/100g) and total flavonoid content (35.14mg/g). In overall leaf extracts of A. julibrissin showed maximum zone of inhibition towards P. vulgaris (10.1 mm*) and least susceptible microorganism is S. typhi (3.5 mm*). Stem and flower extracts inhibited bacterial growth only at higher concentrations (MIC, 160-215 and 65-180µg/ml respectively). Conclusion: Apart from the energy crop, based on the results and value-added compounds present in A. julibrissin, it may be considered as antibacterial agent in future

A comparative study of collagen dressing and silver sulphadiazine application in the management of second degree thermal burns

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In India alone, 60 – 70 lakhs people sustain burns every year. Mortality due to burns is 1.4 lakhs/year. Around 70% of all injuries occur in the age group of 15 – 35 years, the most productive age group. The most logistic approach to burn wound would be a wound cover until such time the body is able to synthesize a cover of its own. In a tropical country like India, closed dressings get easily infected and open dressings get dried up soon. Collagen dressings provide the most physiological interface between the wound surface and the environment. Hence I chose to study the merits and demerits of collagen dressing over the conventional silver sulphadiazine ointment application. METHODS: 70 patients with second degree thermal burns less than 20% TBSA, getting admitted in the General Surgery and Pediatric Surgery Departments of Coimbatore medical college hospital were enrolled for the study from October 2011 to October 2013. Surface area of burns was assessed by “Wallace rule of nine”. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to silver sulphadiazine and collagen group. All patients were treated with analgesics, intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Wound washed thoroughly and dried. Both silver sulpha diazine ointment was applied and left open or collagen sheets applied. RESULTS: In this study thermal burns were more common in females between 21-35 years of age. Between the silver sulphadiazine and collagen group, the average pain score (over the scale of 3) on day 1 was 2.19 v/s 1.11. and on day 2 was 1.96 v/s 1.04. The average duration of wound healing was 17.48 and 13.6 days for silver sulphadiazine and collagen groups respectively. Both pain score and wound healing were found to be statistically significant (P value <.01). The incidence of wound infection, need for split skin graft, development of contractures and hypertrophic scars were found to be low in the collagen group. However they were found to be statistically insignificant (P>.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Collagen application is better than silver sulphadiazine application in the management of burn wounds owing to its better pain relief, rapid wound healing, need for application of dressing only once, early ambulation and early identification of wound infection due to its translucency

Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride – Metformin with Vildagliptin - Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

BACKGROUND : The increased prevalence of Type 2 DM leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity, dyslipidemia, etc. Failure of monotherapy over time suggests the need for combination therapy to achieve glycemic goals. Combination therapy with various agents have been implicated in great glycemic control than monotherapy with single agent. OBJECTIVES : To Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride – Metformin with Vildagliptin - Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital. METHODS : In this prospective, randomised, controlled, open label comparative study, newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients were assigned to receive either T.Glimepiride(1 mg) + T.Metformin (500 mg) twice daily (n=35) or T.Vildagliptin (50mg) + T.Metformin (500 mg) twice daily (n=35) for a period of 12 weeks to attain good glycemic control. FBS, PPBS at baseline, 6th week and 12th week, HbA1c at baseline and at 12th week were compared between and within the groups at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS : All the 70 patients completed the study. At the end of the study, the mean fasting blood sugar level at baseline were 179.06mg/dl and 174.03mg/dl (P=0.43) and at the end 12 weeks were 109.80mg/dl and 104.57mg/dl (P=0.33) in Group A and Group B respectively. The mean Post prandial blood sugar levels at baseline were 270.86mg/dl and 277.94mg/dl(P=0.42) and at the end of 12th week were 159.03mg/dl and 154.45mg/dl (P=0.07) in Group A and Group B respectively. The mean HbA1c levels at baseline were 8.80 and 8.99(P=0.12) and at the end of 12 weeks were 6.47 and 6.42 (P=0.26) in Group A and Group B respectively. There was no significant difference in fasting, post prandial blood glucose & HbA1c level between the groups. The adverse effect in Group A subjects was maximum in relation to hypoglycemia. Elevated liver enzymes was seen more in Group B subjects along with diarrhoea which shows statistical significance. CONCLUSION : Thus from the present study we conclude that the efficacy and tolerability of Vildagliptin was similar with no significant differences, when used to treat type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate blood glucose control by dual combination of Metformin and another traditional oral hypoglycemic agent (Glimepiride). Vildagliptin in combination with metformin also had good safety profile with low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain

Effect of Ethanolamine and HCl on structural and optical properties of Nickel oxide thin films

In the present work, Nickel Oxide thin films were prepared by spin coating technique. The effects of Ethanolamine and HCl on structural and optical properties of NiO thin films are studied. The structural properties of NiO thin films were examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The amorphous nature of NiO thin films were observed from XRD pattern. FESEM studies of the surface morphology of NiO thin films exhibits smooth and uniform surface with average particle size of 200 nm for Ethanolamine doping sample and 300 nm for HCl doping sample. The functional groups and surface roughness of NiO thin films were investigated by FTIR and 3 D Laser Profilometry. The surface roughness of the prepared samples increases with increasing thickness from 4.49 μm to 6.81 μm. The optical characteristics of the samples were determined by UV Visible Spectrophotometer. This results shows that the prepared NiO thin films exhibits high optical transparency

Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P &gt; Fe-P &gt; Al-P &gt; Reductant soluble-P &gt; Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 &amp;  186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8&amp; 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil

Effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on rice (Oryza sativa var. CO 51) productivity and soil fertility in the Western zone of Tamil Nadu, India

In sustainable agriculture, to ensure high-quality food production, a combination of organic and inorganic nutrient sources are required. During the winter season of 2020, a field experiment was undertaken in the western zone of Tamil Nadu to assess the effects of organics and inorganics on the growth, yield, and soil properties of rice, Oryza sativa var. CO 51. The experiment was framed in Random Block Design (RBD) comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended dose of fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and absolute control (T8) , replicated thrice. Among the integrated nutrient management practices, T5 proved its superiority over other treatments with respect to growth and physiological parameters followed by T3. This would have been because of the solubilization of phosphorus in the soil by AM organisms which is made accessible for crop growth. Utilization of biofertilizer enhanced the N availability and solubilized the inaccessible phosphorus, which thus recorded higher N accessibility and better phosphorus uptake when applied along with a recommended dose of fertilizer for rice.

Multifactorial Aspects Influencing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. While once considered a benign condition, NAFLD is now recognized as a major cause of chronic liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and involves a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifactorial aspects of NAFLD, including genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota, dietary factors, and physical inactivity. We also discuss the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis in the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we review the current and emerging therapies for NAFLD and NASH, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and surgical approaches. The multifactorial nature of NAFLD requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, with a focus on addressing the underlying metabolic and environmental factors that contribute to its development and progression