Vibronic spectroscopy of an artificial molecule

With advanced fabrication techniques it is possible to make nanoscale electronic structures that have discrete energy levels. Such structures are called artificial atoms because of analogy with true atoms. Examples of such atoms are quantum dots in semiconductor heterostructures and Josephson-junction qubits. It is also possible to have artificial atoms interacting with each other. This is an artificial molecule in the sense that the electronic states are analogous to the ones in a molecule. In this letter we present a different type of artificial molecule that, in addition to electronic states, also includes the analog of nuclear vibrations in a diatomic molecule. Some of the earlier experiments could be interpreted using this analogy, including qubits coupled to oscillators and qubits driven by an intense field. In our case the electronic states of the molecule are represented by a Josephson-junction qubit, and the nuclear separation corresponds to the magnetic flux in a loop containing the qubit and an LC oscillator. We probe the vibronic transitions, where both the electronic and vibrational states change simultaneously, and find that they are analogous to true molecules. The vibronic transitions could be used for sideband cooling of the oscillator, and we see damping up to sidebands of order 10.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Pengembangan Tes Online Matematika Dengan Tingkat Kesulitan Yang Diatur Secara Dinamis Untuk Siswa Kelas V SD Laboratorium Singaraja

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan rancang bangun tes matematika online dengan tingkat kesulitan yang diatur secara dinamis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Penelitian ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall (1989). Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mengolah data hasil review ahli media, ahli desain pembelajaran, dan respon guru. Selanjutnya butir tes diujicobakan secara empirik dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran butir, daya beda, dan efektifitas pengecoh. Sistem dapat memberikan laporan hasil tes kepada pengajar selanjutnya siswa juga dapat melihat tingkat penguasaan materi pelajaran. Perbedaan tingkat pengusaan materi antara satu siswa dengan siswa yang lain memberikan motivasi untuk siswa yang masih berada pada level bawah untuk terus mengingkatkan kemampuannya sehingga dapat menyamai siswa lain yang sudah lebih dahulu mencapai level materi yang lebih tinggi. Sistem juga mampu memberikan informasi kepada pengajar mengenai perkembangan siswa terhadap penguasaan materi pelajaran. Mengacu dari hal tersebut guru dapat melakukan pendekatan kepada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kurang baik dengan pemberian pelajaran tambahan yang menekankan pada materi yang belum dikuasai oleh siswaKata Kunci : tes online, dinamis, tingkat kesulitan, Research and Development (R&D) This study is concerned with developing Online Mathematic Test Design with dynamic adjustment of the difficulty level. Methods that applied in this study were research and development (R&D). This study referred to some steps that were developed by Borg & Gall (1989). Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data of media expert's review; education design expert's review; and teachers' responses. Further, the test items were tested empirically and analyzed quantitatively to find the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, differentiating capacity, and deception affectivity. The system can give the test result to the teachers. Further, students can also see their mastery level of the material. The different mastery level among the students motivates the ‘low level' students to improve their ability in order to achieve higher level as their friends do. The system can also give information to the teachers about the students' progress on the mastery of the material. Due to that fact, teachers can arrange some approaches toward the ‘low level' students and give them extra lesson which put emphasis on the material that did not understand yet by the student

IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF TECTONICALLY ACTIVE POTENTIAL ZONES IN NORTHEASTERN PART OF ARAVALLI MOUNTAIN RANGE

The Great Boundary Fault (GBF) forms the eastern margin of the Aravalli Mountain Range (AMR) and, is exposed as boundary between highly deformed rocks of the AMR and relatively undeformed Vindhyan rocks. The GBF acts as important active dislocation zone between Himalayan regime in the north and, Son-Narmada regime in the south. Nevertheless, the intensity of active tectonics along GBF is relatively mild and hence, it requires special technique to identify and map active tectonics zone along this thrust. The thematic maps of geology, geomorphology, slope, and vegetation index of study area have been prepared using Landsat 7 ETM + digital data. These themes are integrated in GIS environment to assess the active tectonic potential in the area. The observed four high potential zones in the area are located at the intersection of NE-SW lineaments. The study brings out methodology for assessing active tectonic potential of the area. 1

Fluctuating hydrodynamics and turbulence in a rotating fluid: Universal properties

We analyze the statistical properties of three-dimensional ($3d$) turbulence in a rotating fluid. To this end we introduce a generating functional to study the statistical properties of the velocity field $\bf v$. We obtain the master equation from the Navier-Stokes equation in a rotating frame and thence a set of exact hierarchical equations for the velocity structure functions for arbitrary angular velocity $\mathbf \Omega$. In particular we obtain the {\em differential forms} for the analogs of the well-known von Karman-Howarth relation for $3d$ fluid turbulence. We examine their behavior in the limit of large rotation. Our results clearly suggest dissimilar statistical behavior and scaling along directions parallel and perpendicular to $\mathbf \Omega$. The hierarchical relations yield strong evidence that the nature of the flows for large rotation is not identical to pure two-dimensional flows. To complement these results, by using an effective model in the small-$\Omega$ limit, within a one-loop approximation, we show that the equal-time correlation of the velocity components parallel to $\mathbf \Omega$ displays Kolmogorov scaling $q^{-5/3}$, where as for all other components, the equal-time correlators scale as $q^{-3}$ in the inertial range where $\bf q$ is a wavevector in $3d$. Our results are generally testable in experiments and/or direct numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equation in a rotating frame.Comment: 24 pages in preprint format; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E (2011

Soil Quality Parameters and Carbon Stock as Influenced by Fodder Grasses and Organic Amendments in an Alfisol of Northeastern India

Intensive tillage, cultivation along the slope, low input, minimal nutrient replacement and high rainfall are among major causes of land degradation in the north eastern hill (NEH) region (Ghosh et al. 2009). Maintaining and enhancing soil quality are crucial to sustaining agricultural productivity and environmental quality (Lal, 2004). Continuous cropping, without use of conservation-effective measures, has negative effects on the soil and environment (e.g., loss of SOC, soil erosion, water pollution). Thus, soil management methods are needed that enhance use efficiency of inputs, reduce losses and minimize adverse impacts on the environment (Bilalis et al. 2009). Perennial grasses provide year- round ground cover, which reduces run-off and soil erosion from sloping land (Ghosh et al. 2009). Cultivation of forages in degraded and sloping lands not only supply green palatable fodders to livestocks but also rehabilitates the degraded soils by improving physico-chemical properties. Forages have strong root systems compared to field crops (such as rice, maize etc.), protect soil and improve aggregation (Ghosh et al. 2009). Soils under perennial grasses and those which are undisturbed for a long time are potential C sinks because the grasses add organic matter (OM) to soils through root growth, and decline in OM decomposition because of lack of tillage. Further, conversion of degraded cropland soils to forages and perennial grasses lead to C sequestration (Grandy and Robertson, 2007). Thus, present investigation was conducted with the objective to assess the impact of perennial forage grasses and organic amendments on soil properties and C-sequestration potential

Nitrite contents in various masticatories prevailing in the state of Assam – a pilot study

Background: The habit of using masticatories is quite common among the population of the state Assam. There are numerous types of masticatories available throughout the state, most of which include areca nut in different forms, accompanied with beetle leaves and tobacco leaves and other associated substances added for flavor. Aim: To determine the level of nitrite present in different types of masticatories prevailing in the state.  Materials & Methods: The classical Griess method was used for the estimation of nitrite in different types of these masticatories prevailing in the state Assam (n=35) using the basic diazotization principle and spectrophotometric determination. Statistical Analysis used: The results obtained were analyzed statistically by using SPSS V.16 software. Results: The result of the study indicate the amount of nitrite in different types of these masticatories, among which highest levels of nitrite was found in raw areca nut with beetle leaves without lime. The presence of lime decreases the amount of nitrite (p<0.05) whereas, the presence of beetle leaves and unprocessed areca nut increases the amount of nitrite (p<0.05) in the masticatories used by the people of the state. Conclusion: From the study conducted, it can be concluded that the presence of lime reduces the amount of nitrite in the masticatories, whereas the presence of beetle leaves and unprocessed areca nut contribute higher amount of nitrite in the masticatorie

Dodecanacci superconductor-metamaterial photonic quasicrystal

Using the transfer matrix method, the present paper attempt to determine the properties of the photonic spectra of the Dodecanacci superconductor-metamaterial one-dimensional quasiperiodic multilayer. The numerical calculation is supported by using the transfer matrix method. At first, we analyze the transmission for Dodecanacci quasicrystal for different generations. After that, we analyze the effect of the thickness of the building blocks and the operating temperature. We observed that a vast number of forbidden bandgaps and transmission pecks are developed in its transmission spectra up to a certain generation number of Dodecanacci quasiperiodic sequence. If the generation number increases further, then the bandgaps become wider. According to the obtained results, depending on its generation, this structure can be used as an optical reflector or narrowband filter