A comparative study of labour progress and delivery outcome among spontaneous induced patients

Background: Induction of labour is one of the most common procedures during pregnancy. Indications for induction of labour have essentially not changed. The benefit of labour induction must be weighed against the potential maternal or fetal risks associated with the procedure. Objectives were to compare the duration and progress of labour in spontaneous and induced labour, to compare the maternal outcome and fetal outcome, to compare the mode of delivery in spontaneous and induced labour, and to compare the need for oxytocin augmentation. Methods: It was a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, MIMS hospital, Vizianagaram from Jan 2021 to June 2022. Study population consisted of two groups. Results: A total of 300 patients were taken into study. Among them 150 patients were those who went into spontaneous progression and the other 150 included patients who were induced. Women in spontaneous labour had higher chance of full term normal vaginal delivery than women in induced group. Various factors like maternal age, gestational age, parity, were compared between both these groups using a proforma. In our study we found that patient gets into spontaneous labour on an average around 38 weeks. Conclusions: Latent phase and active phase of labour are prolonged in induced patients when compared to that of spontaneous labour. There was an increase in caesarean section rate from 1.3% in induced patients to 23.3% in spontaneous labour patients. Apgar scores of the babies at 5 minutes in the spontaneous group were found to be better than the induced group

IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN CYMODOCEA SERRULATA-A SEAGRASS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the lead phytocompounds present in the ethanol extract of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: 1 kg of C. serrulata whole seagrass powder was subjected to extraction on polarity basis using five solvent such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Since ethanol extract showed a maximum antioxidant property, its phytochemicals were investigated using GCMS technique. The phytocompounds identified through GC were interpreted with mass spectra national institute standard and technology library.Result: The GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of C. serrulata identified peaks of six different compounds they are hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.70%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.11%), tetradecanoic acid (62.89%), pentadecanoic acid(62.89%), cholesta4, 6dien3ol (5.88%), and stigmasterol (19.42%).Conclusion: The GCMS study of C. serrulata ethanol extract unveils the presence of bioactive compounds that have a pharmacological and nutraceutical values

Comparitive Study on Essential Oil in Natural and In vitro Regenerated Plants of Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash

In vitro studies with rhizome explants of Vetiveria zizanioides obtained through organogenetic pathway was focused on the difference in essential oil content with that of control plants. There was variation exhibited by In vitro regenerated plants in their morphological growth and were referred as “morphotypes”. Two types of morphotypes were identified as long and short based on differences in their height. Essential oil was extracted and analyzed by Gas chromatography. The two morphotypes showed varied essential oil content of 2.1% (long), 1.9% (short) with the control showing 1.8% and also the plants showed marked differences in percentage composition of essential oil with respect to important compounds like khusimol, valencene, vetiverol, vetivone, vetivenene, vetiselinol and nootketone. Further studies on the screening and selection of the chemotypes for high producing essential oil content and composition are under progress

Hierarchical fusion using vector quantization for visualization of hyperspectral images

Visualization of hyperspectral images that combines the data from multiple sensors is a major challenge due to huge data set. An efficient image fusion could be a primary key step for this task. To make the approach computationally efficient and to accommodate a large number of image bands, we propose a hierarchical fusion based on vector quantization and bilateral filtering. The consecutive image bands in the hyperspectral data cube exhibit a high degree of feature similarity among them due to the contiguous and narrow nature of the hyperspectral sensors. Exploiting this redundancy in the data, we fuse neighboring images at every level of hierarchy. As at the first level, the redundancy between the images is very high we use a powerful compression tool, vector quantization, to fuse each group. From second level onwards, each group is fused using bilateral filtering. While vector quantization removes redundancy, bilateral filter retains even the minor details that exist in individual image. The hierarchical fusion scheme helps in accommodating a large number of hyperspectral image bands. It also facilitates the midband visualization of a subset of the hyperspectral image cube. Quantitative performance analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed method

Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata

1216-1221The seagrass Cymodocea serrulata was collected from Ramanathapuram coastal region and its antioxidant potential was determined. The ethanol extract showed the highest phenolic content of 284.94 mg/ml gallic acid equivalence and the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoids content of 40.18 mg/ml quercetin equivalence. The tannin content was higher at 264.71 mg/ml tannic acid equivalence in aqueous extract. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¢-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 44.47 µg and 2.5 µg, respectively. The ferric reducing ability and nitric oxide scavenging activity were efficient in both ethanol and aqueous extracts. The superoxide scavenging activity was high in hexane extract. The comparative antioxidant study of the subsequent extract of C. serrulata showed that the ethanol extract possesses the highest free radical scavenging property compared to other extracts. This may be due to the presence of high phenolic compounds. The study brings out the medicinal value of C. serrulata which can be used as a nutraceutical compound in various food and pharmaceutical industries

A new method for solving Integer Linear programming problems with Fuzzy variables

Abstract A new method namely, decomposition method for solving integer linear programming problems with fuzzy variables by using classical integer linear programming has been proposed. In the decomposition method, ranking functions are not used. The proposed method can serve managers by providing the best solution to a variety of integer linear programming problems with fuzzy variables in a simple and effective manner. With the help of numerical examples, the decomposition method is illustrated. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 90C10, 90C70, 90C90, 65K0

From the ground up : the evolution of the telecentre movement

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Mouvement issu de la base : l'évolution du mouvement des télécentresSuccessful telecentres help communities seize knowledge and benefits of the information age on their own terms. This book provides a glimpse into the lives of people who are leading the telecentre movement in their own countries, and of the people who are benefiting from their local telecentres. It provides a snapshot (with plenty of visuals) about how the telecentre movement is evolving. The desire to build social capital is something most telecentres have in common

N-(3-Chloro­benzo­yl)-3-nitro­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C13H9ClN2O5S, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 83.5 (1)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O(S) hydrogen bonds into helical chains running along the b axis

Occurrence and distribution of black pod rot of Cocoa (Theobromae cocoa L.) in southern transition zone of Karnataka

Straminipile genus Phytophthora cause significant disease losses to global cocoa production. Phytopthtora palmivora is one of the major constraints in cocoa production causes significant pod losses. P. palmivora has a complex disease cycle involving several sources of primary inoculum and several modes of dissemination of secondary inoculum. This results in explosive epidemics during favorable environmental conditions. Highest severity of Seedling blight was observed in raised bed nurseries as compared to poly bag nurseries in Shivamogga district (59.26%) followed by Chikkamagluru (53.85%) of the state Karnataka , respectively. Further, the highest incidence of 72.00, 70.83 and 70.00% of black pod rot disease was recorded in Udupi, Dakshina Kannada and Shivamogga district followed by Chikkamagaluru (65.22%), Kodagu (64.00%) and Davanagere (55.56%) district respectively. Due to continuous rain fall or high moisture conditions and the crop was grown as intercrop with arecanut is vulnerable for the attack of pathogen due to the presence of pathogenic variability