68 research outputs found
Early-stage breast cancer is not associated with the risk of marital dissolution in a large prospective study of women
Background: As breast cancer and its treatment are likely to interfere with traditional expectations of womanhood, it may affect marital stability. Methods: The risk of marital dissolution was analysed with respect to diagnosis of early-stage (T1-4N0-3M0) breast cancer in a cohort of 134 435 married Finnish women followed for a median of 17.0 married years. Age, socioeconomic status, education, number of children, duration of marriage and earlier marriages were taken into account and the effects of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy were analysed separately. Results: Women with a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer did not show increase in marital dissolution (hazard ratio -0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.79-1.17). Neither the type of surgical procedure nor any of the oncologic treatments was associated with an increase in the risk of divorce. Conclusions: Any evidence of excess risk of marital breakdown after the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer and its treatment was not demonstrated.Peer reviewe
Analyzing Childlessness
Childlessness has been on the rise in many European societies. In Germany, the UK, Austria, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, childlessness has increased starting with the 1950s cohorts. In these countries, about 20 % of the women born around 1965 will remain childless. In southern Europe and the former state-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the rise in levels of childlessness is a more recent phenomenon. Yet among younger cohorts in these countries, childlessness has reached levels of 15 % or higher. In this introductory chapter, we summarize the long-term trends in childlessness and discuss the differences between European countries in the prevalence of childlessness. We also outline the structure and the logic of this volume
Economy and Divorces: Their Impact Over Time on the Self-Employment Rates in Spain
The paper used time-series data and examined the effect of economic and social variables on the male and female self-employment rates in Spain. We also employed cointegration analysis (with and without) structural breaks. We thus find strong evidence that long run relationships exist among the variables. More precisely, we find that the unemployment rates and the ratio of self-employment to employees’ earnings have a positive effect on self-employment, whereas, economic development and divorce rates have a negative effect. Importantly, we find that the economic variables have equal or stronger long run impact on females than males, with both groups reacting to changes in family circumstances. Finally, we show that the short run family circumstances are better predictors of self-employment choices rather than economic factors, with self-employment being a means of adjustment to new personal circumstances and economic needs
Occurrence of pancreatic ductal cell dysplasia in rats fed with a high fat diet and ethanol
The effects of alcohol and diet on acute
pancreatitis were studied in 192 male Wistar rats. The
animals were fed with standard laboratory food up to three
months of age and, after that, were divided into four groups
of 48 animals,each group receiving a different diet:
standard, fat-rich, protein-rich or carbohydrate-rich. In
each diet group, 24 animals obtained 15% (v/v) ethanol
in their drinking solution while the other 24 rats had water
ad libitum. The diet period lasted for 12 weeks, after which
acute experimental pancreatitis was induced under diethyl
ether anesthesia by ductal injection of rat bile into the
pancreatic ducts. Moderate or severe ductal cell dysplasia
developed in three of the 15 survivors in the group fed with
a high-fat diet and 15% ethanol in their drinking solution.
Mild acute pancreatitis was histologically found in 13 rats
and moderate pancreatitis in one rat in this group. One rat
did not show any pancreatic parenchyma1 changes. Two
of the rats with ductal cell dysplasia had mild pancreatitis
and the pancreas of the third rat was normal in this respect.
Dysplastic changes were not found in any other
experimental group used in the study. The observation is
statistically significant at p < 0.025 level. The results indicate
that alcohol and a high fat diet together might have a
carcinogenic effect on pancreatic ductal epithelium in rats
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