149 research outputs found
scite: A Smart Citation Index that Displays the Context of Citations and Classifies Their Intent Using Deep Learning
Citation indices are tools used by the academic community for research and research evaluation that aggregate scientific literature output and measure impact by collating citation counts. Citation indices help measure the interconnections between scientific papers but fall short because they fail to communicate contextual information about a citation. The use of citations in research evaluation without consideration of context can be problematic because a citation that presents contrasting evidence to a paper is treated the same as a citation that presents supporting evidence. To solve this problem, we have used machine learning, traditional document ingestion methods, and a network of researchers to develop a βsmart citation indexβ called scite, which categorizes citations based on context. Scite shows how a citation was used by displaying the surrounding textual context from the citing paper and a classification from our deep learning model that indicates whether the statement provides supporting or contrasting evidence for a referenced work, or simply mentions it. Scite has been developed by analyzing over 25 million full-text scientific articles and currently has a database of more than 880 million classified citation statements. Here we describe how scite works and how it can be used to further research and research evaluation
Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π£Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡThe object of the study is the formation of the policy of RMS in the customs of Canada. Canada has a developed economy, which proves its high position in the world rankings. The purpose of the work is to describe the relationship of foreign economic activity of Canada and the organization of risk management system in the Canadian customs To achieve this goal, the analysis of foreign economic activity of Canada was carried out by studying the country's budget, statistics and foreign trade contracts; study of documentation that describes the risk management system of the customs authorities of Canad
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Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation and risk of postoperative respiratory complications: hospital based registry study
Objective: To evaluate the effects of intraoperative protective ventilation on major postoperative respiratory complications and to define safe intraoperative mechanical ventilator settings that do not translate into an increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications. Design: Hospital based registry study. Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital and two affiliated community hospitals in Massachusetts, United States. Participants: 69 265 consecutively enrolled patients over the age of 18 who underwent a non-cardiac surgical procedure between January 2007 and August 2014 and required general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Interventions Protective ventilation, defined as a median positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O or more, a median tidal volume of less than 10 mL/kg of predicted body weight, and a median plateau pressure of less than 30 cmH2O. Main outcome measure Composite outcome of major respiratory complications, including pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, pneumonia, and re-intubation. Results: Of the 69 265 enrolled patients 34 800 (50.2%) received protective ventilation and 34 465 (49.8%) received non-protective ventilation intraoperatively. Protective ventilation was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative respiratory complications in multivariable regression (adjusted odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.98, P=0.013). The results were similar in the propensity score matched cohort (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, P=0.004). A PEEP of 5 cmH2O and median plateau pressures of 16 cmH2O or less were associated with the lowest risk of postoperative respiratory complications. Conclusions: Intraoperative protective ventilation was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative respiratory complications. A PEEP of 5 cmH2O and a plateau pressure of 16 cmH2O or less were identified as protective mechanical ventilator settings. These findings suggest that protective thresholds differ for intraoperative ventilation in patients with normal lungs compared with those used for patients with acute lung injury
State-of-the-Art Meeting on Sex and Gender in Transplantation: The Female Perspective
Sex- and gender-based inequities in organ transplantation represent a critically relevant, yet under-appreciated aspect that impacts upon patient and graft outcomes. Biologic factors (sex), as well as psychological-, social-, and economic factors (gender) all contribute to these disparities. While such disparities are observed consistently worldwide, access to care and differences in allograft and patient outcomes by sex and gender differ between countries, emphasizing the necessity to engage the global community. Moreover, as in many other professional areas, gender disparities exist among professionals in transplantation science and medicine. To address the need for global recognition of the interplay between sex and gender in transplantation, and to define unmet needs, Anette Melk (Hannover Medical School), Bethany Foster (McGill University), Germaine Wong (University of Sydney), and Louise Lerminiaux (patient representative) initiated the international hybrid symposium βSex and Gender in Transplantation: The Female Perspectiveβ, which took place October 5th-7th 2022, in Hannover, Germany. The interdisciplinary symposium connected clinicians, researchers, and patients from around the globe. Instead of taking the traditional male perspective, efforts were made to ensure a female perspective and approach to both the content and organization of the symposium. The symposium had three aims. Firstly, we aimed to identify areas pertaining to sex and gender where more research is needed, with an emphasis on creating evidence to inform guidelines and policies. Second, we integrated patientsβ perspectives and experience in the execution of patient-centred research. Finally, the symposium focused on achieving equity in access to careers in transplantation, defining metrics of success and strategies to accelerate progress in this area
Phase transitions in biological membranes
Native membranes of biological cells display melting transitions of their
lipids at a temperature of 10-20 degrees below body temperature. Such
transitions can be observed in various bacterial cells, in nerves, in cancer
cells, but also in lung surfactant. It seems as if the presence of transitions
slightly below physiological temperature is a generic property of most cells.
They are important because they influence many physical properties of the
membranes. At the transition temperature, membranes display a larger
permeability that is accompanied by ion-channel-like phenomena even in the
complete absence of proteins. Membranes are softer, which implies that
phenomena such as endocytosis and exocytosis are facilitated. Mechanical signal
propagation phenomena related to nerve pulses are strongly enhanced. The
position of transitions can be affected by changes in temperature, pressure, pH
and salt concentration or by the presence of anesthetics. Thus, even at
physiological temperature, these transitions are of relevance. There position
and thereby the physical properties of the membrane can be controlled by
changes in the intensive thermodynamic variables. Here, we review some of the
experimental findings and the thermodynamics that describes the control of the
membrane function.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figure
The influence of anesthetics, neurotransmitters and antibiotics on the relaxation processes in lipid membranes
In the proximity of melting transitions of artificial and biological
membranes fluctuations in enthalpy, area, volume and concentration are
enhanced. This results in domain formation, changes of the elastic constants,
changes in permeability and slowing down of relaxation processes. In this study
we used pressure perturbation calorimetry to investigate the relaxation time
scale after a jump into the melting transition regime of artificial lipid
membranes. This time corresponds to the characteristic rate of domain growth.
The studies were performed on single-component large unilamellar and
multilamellar vesicle systems with and without the addition of small molecules
such as general anesthetics, neurotransmitters and antibiotics. These drugs
interact with membranes and affect melting points and profiles. In all systems
we found that heat capacity and relaxation times are related to each other in a
simple manner. The maximum relaxation time depends on the cooperativity of the
heat capacity profile and decreases with a broadening of the transition. For
this reason the influence of a drug on the time scale of domain formation
processes can be understood on the basis of their influence on the heat
capacity profile. This allows estimations of the time scale of domain formation
processes in biological membranes.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy for cancer treatment:Importance of cell membrane composition investigated by lipidomics, calorimetry and in vitro efficacy
Abstract Calcium electroporation is a novel anti-cancer treatment investigated in clinical trials. We explored cell sensitivity to calcium electroporation and electroporation with bleomycin, using viability assays at different time and temperature points, as well as heat calorimetry, lipidomics, and flow cytometry. Three cell lines: HT29 (colon cancer), MDA-MB231 (breast cancer), and HDF-n (normal fibroblasts) were investigated for; (a) cell survival dependent on time of addition of drug relative to electroporation (1.2βkV/cm, 8 pulses, 99 Β΅s, 1βHz), at different temperatures (37βΒ°C, 27βΒ°C, 17βΒ°C); (b) heat capacity profiles obtained by differential scanning calorimetry without added calcium; (c) lipid composition by mass spectrometry; (d) phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane outer leaflet using flow cytometry. Temperature as well as time of drug administration affected treatment efficacy in HT29 and HDF-n cells, but not MDA-MB231 cells. Interestingly the HT29 cell line displayed a higher phase transition temperature (approximately 20βΒ°C) versus 14βΒ°C (HDF-n) and 15βΒ°C (MDA-MB231). Furthermore the HT29 cell membranes had a higher ratio of ethers to esters, and a higher expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet. In conclusion, lipid composition and heat capacity of the membrane might influence permeabilisation of cells and thereby the effect of calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy
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