4,019 research outputs found
Path Integrals and Parastatistics
The propagator and corresponding path integral for a system of identical
particles obeying parastatistics are derived. It is found that the statistical
weights of topological sectors of the path integral for parafermions and
parabosons are simply related through multiplication by the parity of the
permutation of the final positions of the particles. Appropriate
generalizations of statistics are proposed obeying unitarity and
factorizability (strong cluster decomposition). The realization of simple
maximal occupancy (Gentile) statistics is shown to require ghost states.Comment: 14 pages, no figures, phyzzx.te
Gauge Transformations in Quantum Mechanics and the Unification of Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equations
Beginning with ordinary quantum mechanics for spinless particles, together
with the hypothesis that all experimental measurements consist of positional
measurements at different times, we characterize directly a class of nonlinear
quantum theories physically equivalent to linear quantum mechanics through
nonlinear gauge transformations. We show that under two physically-motivated
assumptions, these transformations are uniquely determined: they are exactly
the group of time-dependent, nonlinear gauge transformations introduced
previously for a family of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations. The general
equation in this family, including terms considered by Kostin, by
Bialynicki-Birula and Mycielski, and by Doebner and Goldin, with time-dependent
coefficients, can be obtained from the linear Schr\"odinger equation through
gauge transformation and a subsequent process we call gauge generalization. We
thus unify, on fundamental grounds, a rather diverse set of nonlinear
time-evolutions in quantum mechanics.Comment: RevTeX, 20 pages, no figures. also available on
http://www.pt.tu-clausthal.de/preprints/asi-tpa/021-96.htm
Symmetry, Local Linearization, and Gauge Classification of the Doebner-Goldin Equation
For the family of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations derived by H.-D.~Doebner
and G.A.~Goldin (J.Phys.A 27, 1771) we calculate the complete set of Lie
symmetries. For various subfamilies we find different finite and infinite
dimensional Lie symmetry algebras. Two of the latter lead to a local
transformation linearizing the particular subfamily. One type of these
transformations leaves the whole family of equations invariant, giving rise to
a gauge classification of the family. The Lie symmetry algebras and their
corresponding subalgebras are finally characterized by gauge invariant
parameters.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure, to appear in Reports on Mathematical
Physic
On the virial coefficients of nonabelian anyons
We study a system of nonabelian anyons in the lowest Landau level of a strong
magnetic field. Using diagrammatic techniques, we prove that the virial
coefficients do not depend on the statistics parameter. This is true for all
representations of all nonabelian groups for the statistics of the particles
and relies solely on the fact that the effective statistical interaction is a
traceless operator.Comment: 9 pages, 3 eps figure
On the Electromagnetic Interactions of Anyons
Using the appropriate representation of the Poincare group and a definition
of minimal coupling, we discuss some aspects of the electromagnetic
interactions of charged anyons. In a nonrelativistic expansion, we derive a
Schrodinger-type equation for the anyon wave function which includes
spin-magnetic field and spin-orbit couplings. In particular, the gyromagnetic
ratio for charged anyons is shown to be 2; this last result is essentially a
reflection of the fact that the spin is parallel to the momentum in (2+1)
dimensions.Comment: 13 pages, RU-92-17-B,CU-TP-584, CERN-TH6768/9
Structure of Multi-Anyon Wavefunctions
Symmetries of multi-anyon wavefunctions are analysed with the help of a
second quantized formulation. Analogues of Slater determinants are constructed.
It is shown that the Pauli principle is not enforced.Comment: 10 pages, SINP/TNP/93-2
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: correlates of positivity and clinical relevance.
We examined correlates of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity (ANA+) in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the effect of positivity on clinical outcome of HCV. Pretreatment sera from 645 patients from three centres in Sweden (n = 225), the UK (n = 207) and Italy (n = 213) were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence on Hep-2 cells for ANA pattern and titre by a single laboratory. Liver biopsies were all scored by one pathologist. A total of 258 patients were subsequently treated with interferon monotherapy. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of ANA (1:40) by geographic location: Lund 4.4%, London 8.7%, Padova 10.3% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46-0.94; P = 0.023]. Duration of HCV infection, age at infection, current age, route of infection, viral genotype, alcohol consumption, fibrosis stage and inflammatory score were not correlated with ANA+ or ANA pattern. Female gender was correlated with ANA+ and this association persisted in multivariable analyses (OR = 3.0; P = 0.002). Increased plasma cells were observed in the liver biopsies of ANA-positive individuals compared with ANA-negative individuals, while a trend towards decreased lymphoid aggregates was observed [hazard ratio (HR) = 9.0, P = 0.037; HR = 0.291, P = 0.118, respectively]. No correlations were observed between ANA positivity and nonresponse to therapy (OR = 1.4; P = 0.513), although ANA+ was correlated with faster rates of liver fibrosis, this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.8; P = 0.1452). Low titre ANA+ should not be a contraindication for interferon treatment. Our observation of increased plasma cells in ANA+ biopsies might suggest B-cell polyclonal activity with a secondary clinical manifestation of increased serum immunoglobulins
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against drug-induced antigens in L5178Y mouse lymphoma.
In vivo treatment with antineoplastic compounds has been reported to lead to the expression of new antigenic specificities which were not detected on parental cells, and which were transmissible as a genetic character. The current study is concerned with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activity in serum of syngeneic mice challenged with LY/DTIC cells, a subline of LY murine lymphoma, antigenically altered by the drug DTIC. LY/DTIC target cells coated with LY/DTIC-immune serum were specifically lysed by virgin lymphocytes. The genetic background of the effector cells, whether syngeneic, allogeneic or xenogeneic, did not produce significant differences in the percentage of target-cell lysis. ADCC activity was reduced when the immune serum was added directly to the incubation medium, without precoating. Although sera from individual animals exhibited different levels of ADCC activity, they nevertheless followed the general trend of the pooled sera. Peak activity of ADCC was obtained in the sera collected on Days 8 and 30 after LY/DTIC cell challenge. The ADCC activity elicited by LY/DTIC cells may contribute to the rejection of drug-altered tumour cells
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