Regulation of immune functions in rat splenocytes after acute and chronic in vivo treatment with CP-55,940, a synthetic cannabinoid compound

Changes in mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation and NK activity were evaluated after acute (1 h) and chronic (6 d) in vivo treatment of rats with the synthetic cannabinoid compound CP-55,940. At a dose of 0.4 mg/kg i.p. it significantly inhibited the splenocyte proliferative response to PHA and NK activity but half this dose (0.2 mg/kg) had no effect on immune responses. Pretreatment of rats with the cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist SR141716A did not antagonize the CP-55,940-induced immunosuppression, excluding the activation of this receptor subtype in the mediation of this effect. When immune function studies were done on rats tolerant to CP-55,940-induced analgesia, full tolerance also developed for the inhibition of splenocyte proliferation and NK activity. The data provided indicate that CB1 cannabinoid receptors are not involved in mediating the acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on the immune system and suggest a possible implication of CB2 receptor although other modalities of CP-55,940 action can not be ruled ou

Androgen deprivation therapy regulation of beta 1C integrin expression in prostate cancer

The beta1C integrin is an alternatively spliced variant of the beta1 integrin subfamily that at variance with its wild-type counterpart, i.e., the beta1A integrin, inhibits cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells. We have recently shown that transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes contribute to the selective loss of beta1C integrin during prostate malignant transformation. Here, we investigated whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may affect beta1C mRNA expression in prostate cancer. Neoplastic prostates were obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy who had received neoadjuvant ADT. The beta1C mRNA level was measured by Northern hybridization experiments and compared to normal prostates obtained from patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. Furthermore, the beta1C integrin gene transcriptional activity was measured by nuclear Run-on assays. We found an increase of beta1C mRNA expression (208+/-11%; p<0.01) in patients who received ADT in comparison to those who did not. Furthermore, we demonstrated an increase of gene transcriptional activity (360+/-10%; p<0.01) possibly partially or completely responsible for the regulation of the beta1C integrin mRNA levels. Short-term administration of ADT seems to interfere with beta1C integrin expression, suggesting the existence of androgen-mediated pathways involving beta1C. Precise characterization of the mechanisms that regulate the expression of this factor in cancer cells will provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression and possibly contribute to the identification of molecular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies