ROLE OF ELECTRICITY SECTOR AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN TAMIL NADU

Energy is a universal measure of all forms of work and its consumption is increasing worldwide. Combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oils and natural gas produces energy, which is mainly used to improve the quality of life. As these conventional fuels are rapidly depleting, it is necessary to study the existing energy users, consumption patterns and demand, especially in urban areas for efficient use of energy. In this regard, the present investigation is being conducted in Tamil Nadu, the second and fifth largest and most populous city in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Energy consumers are identified in these cities and they are classified into industrial segments. The energy requirement of these sectors is measured and the energy consumption for these sectors is analyzed. With increasing energy demand and environmental degradation, it has been concluded that the implementation of energy conservation measures and the implementation of energy consumption including the use of renewable energy sources is necessary not only to match energy demand and supply of energy but also to safe guard the health and wealth of the inhabitants in Tamilnadu

Evaluation of Surgical Site Infection in Abdominal Surgeries in Adults

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections of the incision or organ or space that occur after surgery. The term ‘surgical site infection’ (SSI) was introduced in 1992 to replace the previous term ‘surgical wound infection’. Surgical site infection (SSI) has always been a major complication of surgery and trauma and has been documented for 4000–5000 years. SSI is both the most frequently studied and the leading HAI reported hospital-wide in LMICs. World Health Organization (WHO) Clean Care is Safer Care programme shows that surgical site infection (SSI) affects up to one third of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure in LMICs and the pooled incidence of SSI was 11.8 per 100 surgical patients undergoing the procedure (range 1.2 to 23.6). Although SSI incidence is much lower in high-income countries, it remains the second most frequent type of HAI in Europe and the United States of America (USA). In some European countries, it even represents the most frequent type of HAI. SSIs are among the most preventable HAIs, but they still represent a significant burden in terms of patient morbidity and mortality and additional costs to health systems and service payers worldwide. Each SSI is associated with approximately 7-10 additional postoperative hospital days and patients with an SSI have a 2-11 times higher risk of death, compared with operative patients without an SSI. Surgical patients initially seen with more complex co morbidities and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens increase the cost and challenge of treating SSIs. For these reasons, the prevention of SSI has received considerable attention from surgeons and infection control professionals, health care authorities, the media and the public. Our study prompts us to look at the gaps in our surgical and infection control protocols which will enable policy formulation that will foster a reduction in wound infection rate. SSI can be reduced by decreasing the preoperative hospital stay, appropriate antibiotic administration policies, adequate preoperative patient preparation, reducing the duration of surgery to minimum, judicious use of drains and intraoperative maintenance of asepsis and following operation theatre discipline properly. Although surgical site infections cannot be completely eliminated, a reduction in the infection rate to a minimal level could have significant benefits, by reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality, and wastage of health care resources

A study on service quality in higher education institutions with special reference to western Tamilnadu

Service quality is regarded as the managerial efforts in facilitating activities of acquiring, creating, storing, sharing, diffusing, developing, and deploying service by individuals and groups. The Learned people and Higher Educational Institutions are considered as the service society, service hub respectively. Academic sector has significant opportunities to apply Service quality practices to support its education, research and also facilitate the nation in achieving the set of objectives. Service quality in higher educational institutions provides a set of practices for linking people such as students, teachers, researchers, business, and external entities also link with technology. It also focuses on how institutions can promote strategies and practices that help different actors and practitioners to share, manage and apply new service in Service quality encompasses much more, going beyond the intrinsic service industry of colleges and universities. At present educational are striving very hard to improve their standard, quality and adding more and more value to the services in order to attract quality of students and faculty members. This situation has raised the need to implement the service quality practices in the educational institutions in order to achieve their mission, be competitive, remain innovative, and ensuring the satisfaction of stakeholder’s expectation

Functional outcome of medial distal tibial locking compression plate fixation in distal tibial fractures: A prospective study

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the distal tibia can be challenging to treat because of limited soft tissue, the subcutaneous location and poor vascularity. Fractures of distal tibia remain a controversial subject despite advances in both nonoperative and operative care. The goal in expect care is to realign the fracture, realign limb length and early functional recovery. Fractures of distal tibia remains one of the most challenging for treatment because of high complication rates both from initial injury and also from treatment. All these fractures are severe injuries. They are increased in frequency because of higher incidences of Road Traffic Accidents. Accounts to 1% of all lower extremity fractures, 10% of tibial fractures and bilateral in 0-8% and compartment syndrome in 0-5%. AIM: To Study and analyze the functional outcome of Distal Tibial fractures Treated by Medial Distal Tibial Locking Compression Plate in our Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital Chennai over a period of May 2011 to November 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study analyses the functional outcome of Medial distal tibial LCP for treatment of distal tibial fracture depending on the type of fracture and to find out their prognosis. The study included patients who were treated in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital with Medial distal tibial Locking compression plate for distal tibial fractures. The period of study was from may2011 to December 2012 with a total duration of 20 months. In this period patients admitted for distal tibial fractures with or without intra-articular extension were considered for this study. The mean duration from hospital admission to definitive surgery was around 10 days to 14days in cases of closed fractures. Inclusion Criteria • Patients willing to participate in this study. • Skeletally mature patients. • Ruedi and Allgower type – I, II, III fractures. • Only closed fractures. • Minimum follow up of 6 months. Exclusion Criteria - • Age less than 16 years and above 60. • Compound fractures. • Associated calcaneum fractures and talus fractures. • Severely mangled extremity. • Associated spinal and abdominal injuries. The total number of patients in this study was 30. RESULTS: Distal tibial fractures though amenable to open reduction and internal fixation carries a high risk of complication and a potential for redo surgery. The outcome of an injury is best judged by how much it affects the patients, deformity, impairment or loss of function. Ovoida and Beals considered “an excellent result to be pain free patient who has returned to all activities without limp”. A number of factors affect the outcome of distal tibial fractures. The single most important factor is the severity of the initial injury, which is indicated primarily by the amount of damage to the plafond and the impaction, comminution and the displacement of the fragments and the extent to which soft tissue damage have occured. Another is the extent to which reduction was achieved and also the postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: A short series of result of our study were analyzed and the overall results have encouraged us in preferring the surgical management of distal tibial fractures over conservative methods. Distal tibial fractures are to be internally fixed either within 24 hrs of the injury before the edema sets in or a delay of 8 to 12 days for the edema to settle down and the wrinkle sign appears. Respect the soft tissues: do not operate too early or through compromised skin, instead wait till the soft tissues is amenable for surgery. Restoration of the articular surface and reestablishing its relationship to the tibial shaft is the primary goal of treatment. Good functional result depends on reasonable anatomic reduction of the articular surface either by direct or indirect methods

Efficiency enhancement of natural cocktail dyes in a TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cell and performance of electron kinetics on the TiO2 surface

In this study, natural dye extracts were prepared from the dried leaves of Andrographis paniculata and Psidium guajava (APPG). The study’s objective was to increase the light harvesting phenomenon from solar energy utilizing natural dye from APPG, and the problem statement was to harvest the optimum solar radiation and convert it into electrical energy. Acetone and ethanol were used as solvents during the preparation process. Based on this research, the crystallite size of TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed, the impact of acetone and ethanol on APPG dye was compared, and the absorption, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectra of the solar cell fabrication process using solvents were experimentally explored. APPG leaf extract functions as a dye sensitizer. Cells are precisely sandwiched with a photoanode, TiO2 nanoparticles, an electrolyte (I/I3−), and a cathode. The JV properties of dye extracts utilizing acetone and ethanol were measured using a solar simulator equipped with a 100 mW/cm2 Xenon light and a Keithley 2400 Graphical Series SMU. An experimental DSSC with dye extraction and utilizing acetone solvent yielded a maximum photo-conversion efficiency of 0.6914%, while ethanol yielded a photo-conversion efficiency of 0.5630%. Furthermore, an energy-level diagram was used to explain the electron kinetics of DSSC, and the time required for transfer electron injection in the TiO2 surface from a dye-excited state was 150 ps

Lack of association of PTPN1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in South Indians

This article does not have an abstract

Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment

Ice accretion on various onshore and offshore infrastructures imparts hazardous effects sometimes beyond repair, which may be life-threatening. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for ways to detect and mitigate ice. Some ice mitigation techniques have been tested or in use in aviation and railway sectors, however, their applicability to other sectors/systems is still in the research phase. To make such systems autonomous, ice protection systems need to be accompanied by reliable ice detection systems, which include electronic, mechatronics, mechanical, and optical techniques. Comparing the benefits and limitations of all available methodologies, Infrared Thermography (IRT) appears to be one of the useful, non-destructive, and emerging techniques as it offers wide area monitoring instead of just point-based ice monitoring. This paper reviews the applications of IRT in the field of icing on various subject areas to provide valuable insights into the existing development of an intelligent and autonomous ice mitigation system for general applications

Feature Selection and Molecular Classification of Cancer Using Genetic Programming

AbstractDespite important advances in microarray-based molecular classification of tumors, its application in clinical settings remains formidable. This is in part due to the limitation of current analysis programs in discovering robust biomarkers and developing classifiers with a practical set of genes. Genetic programming (GP) is a type of machine learning technique that uses evolutionary algorithm to simulate natural selection as well as population dynamics, hence leading to simple and comprehensible classifiers. Here we applied GP to cancer expression profiling data to select feature genes and build molecular classifiers by mathematical integration of these genes. Analysis of thousands of GP classifiers generated for a prostate cancer data set revealed repetitive use of a set of highly discriminative feature genes, many of which are known to be disease associated. GP classifiers often comprise five or less genes and successfully predict cancer types and subtypes. More importantly, GP classifiers generated in one study are able to predict samples from an independent study, which may have used different microarray platforms. In addition, GP yielded classification accuracy better than or similar to conventional classification methods. Furthermore, the mathematical expression of GP classifiers provides insights into relationships between classifier genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GP may be valuable for generating effective classifiers containing a practical set of genes for diagnostic/ prognostic cancer classification

Molecular profiling of human prostate tissues: insights into gene expression patterns of prostate development during puberty

Testosterone production surges during puberty and orchestrates massive growth and reorganization of the prostate gland, and this glandular architecture is maintained thereafter throughout adulthood. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PCA) are common diseases in adulthood that do not develop in the absence of androgens. Our objective was to gain insight into gene expression changes of the prostate gland at puberty, a crucial juncture in prostate development that is androgen dependent. Understanding the role played by androgens in normal prostate development may provide greater insight into androgen involvement in prostatic diseases. Benign prostate tissues obtained from pubertal and adult age group cadaveric organ donors were harvested and profiled using 20,000 element cDNA microarrays. Statistical analysis of the microarray data identified 375 genes that were differentially expressed in pubertal prostates relative to adult prostates including genes such as Nkx3.1, TMEPAI, TGFBR3, FASN, ANKH, TGFBR2, FAAH, S100P, HoxB13, fibronectin, and TSC2 among others. Comparisons of pubertal and BPH expression profiles revealed a subset of genes that shared the expression pattern between the two groups. In addition, we observed that several genes from this list were previously demonstrated to be regulated by androgen and hence could also be potential in vivo targets of androgen action in the pubertal human prostate. Promoter searches revealed the presence of androgen response elements in a cohort of genes including tumor necrosis factor‐α induced adipose related protein, which was found to be induced by androgen. In summary, this is the first report that provides a comprehensive view of the molecular events that occur during puberty in the human prostate and provides a cohort of genes that could be potential in vivo targets of androgenic action during puberty.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154303/1/fsb2fj042415fje.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154303/2/fsb2fj042415fje-sup-0001.pd