INFLUENCE OF ADSORPTION ON THE CHARGE TRANSFER REACTIONS AT THE PYRITE SURFACE. PRELIMINARY STUDY

Abstract. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the charge transfer resistance of the reaction: Fe 3+ + e -= Fe 2+ and electrical double layer capacitance on pyrite electrodes of different origin both freshly polished and conditioned in the solutions of several surface active substances which may be used as potential inhibitors of the oxidation of pyrite. The following substances were used for conditioning of the pyrite samples: sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium oleate (NaOL), n-octanol (n-OA), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACl), 2-mercaptobenzthiazole (MBT) and bis(2-etylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHP). The highest degree of adsorption, and the highest increase in the charge transfer resistance was observed for MBT, NaOL and D2EHP. Those compounds can be used as inhibitors of the pyrite oxidation

Use of virtual reality-based training in different fields of rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To analyse the effectiveness of virtual reality-based interventions within several fields of rehabilitation, and to investigate whether the outcomes of virtual realitybased interventions, in terms of upper or lower limb function, gait and balance, differ with respect to the virtual reality system used. Methods: A search of PubMed database resulted in an initial total of 481 records. Of these, 27 articles were included in the study. A final total of 20 articles, with neurological, orthoapedic, geriatric or paediatric patients, published between 2012 and 2019, were included in the study. Two independent reviewers selected potentially relevant articles based on the inclusion criteria for fulltext reading. They extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of each study. Results: Seventeen studies were included in the metaanalysis. Eight studies analysed upper limb function, with no significant evidence that specialized VR is superior to conventional treatment. Regarding Fugl-Meyer scale results, the effect of specialized virtual reality therapy was found to be significantly better than conventional treatment. No significant differences between specialized VR and conventional treatment were observed in effects on hand dexterity and gait. There was a significant difference in effects on balance in favour of specialized virtual reality as compared to conventional treatment. Gaming virtual reality was significantly better than conventional treatment for upper limb function, but not for hand dexterity, gait and balance. Conclusion: Use of specialized virtual reality and gaming virtual reality can be advantageous for treatment of the upper extremity, but not for hand dexterity and gait in all pathologies considered. Specialized virtual reality can improve balance in neurological patients

Violence and vulnerability:Children’s strategies and the logic of violence in Burundi

This study explores how children in conflict-affected Burundi deal with violence in their everyday lives. Focusing on schools as a context in which children are prepared for further roles in society, child-centred, qualitative and mixed-methods research was conducted at 36 primary schools throughout Burundi. Findings reveal that children use a variety of strategies to deal with violence they encounter. These strategies reflect a learned 'logic of violence', matching dynamics of violence and vulnerability in society at large. Children's strategies are ultimately aimed at reducing vulnerability to (future) violence and indicative of the omnipresence of violence and uncertainty in Burundi. (C) 2019 The Authors. Children & Society published by National Children's Bureau and John Wiley & Sons LtdPublic Health and primary car