Intérêts conjugués d'une évacuation rapide des déjections animales et de leur méthanisation

Les déjections animales contribuent au réchauffement climatique par le méthane émis durant leur stockage. Leur évacuation rapide suivie d'une méthanisation permet de réduire ces émissions et demaximiser la production d'énergie sous forme de biogaz. En production porcine, l'évacuation rapide par un raclage sous caillebotis donne un potentiel de 10,7 Nm3 de méthane par porc à l'engrais. Par comparaison, les lisiers collectés dans des pré-fosses affichent une perte de potentiel variant de -25% à -68% selon l'intensité des fermentations dans les pré-fosses. Pour des vaches laitières, les lisiers de raclage ont un potentiel voisin de 57 Nm3 de méthane par vache et par mois. La baisse du potentiel austockage est très rapide (-1% par jour) dans le cas des fumiers pailleux du fait de leur compostage spontané. En élevage de porc, le couplage d'une évacuation rapide et de la méthanisation réduit les émissions de GES de plus de 50%. Pour des élevages de taille moyenne, la mise en oeuvre sous forme de petite méthanisation à la ferme n'est toutefois pas économiquement viable dans le contexte actuel, compte tenu du coût élevé des investissements. Concernant l'azote, les mesures réalisées montrent que la méthanisation accroît sensiblement les risques de volatilisation d'ammoniac, tant au stockage que lors de l'épandage, du fait du pH plus élevé des digestats

Intérêts conjugués d'une évacuation rapide des déjections animales et de leur méthanisation

Les déjections animales contribuent au réchauffement climatique par le méthane émis durant leur stockage. Leur évacuation rapide suivie d'une méthanisation permet de réduire ces émissions et demaximiser la production d'énergie sous forme de biogaz. En production porcine, l'évacuation rapide par un raclage sous caillebotis donne un potentiel de 10,7 Nm3 de méthane par porc à l'engrais. Par comparaison, les lisiers collectés dans des pré-fosses affichent une perte de potentiel variant de -25% à -68% selon l'intensité des fermentations dans les pré-fosses. Pour des vaches laitières, les lisiers de raclage ont un potentiel voisin de 57 Nm3 de méthane par vache et par mois. La baisse du potentiel austockage est très rapide (-1% par jour) dans le cas des fumiers pailleux du fait de leur compostage spontané. En élevage de porc, le couplage d'une évacuation rapide et de la méthanisation réduit les émissions de GES de plus de 50%. Pour des élevages de taille moyenne, la mise en oeuvre sous forme de petite méthanisation à la ferme n'est toutefois pas économiquement viable dans le contexte actuel, compte tenu du coût élevé des investissements. Concernant l'azote, les mesures réalisées montrent que la méthanisation accroît sensiblement les risques de volatilisation d'ammoniac, tant au stockage que lors de l'épandage, du fait du pH plus élevé des digestats

BAHA implant: Implantation technique and complications

SummaryObjectivesBAHA implants have been shown to be effective in certain forms of conductive hearing loss, but the presence of the titanium abutment is responsible for sometimes severe skin reactions. The objective of this study was to compare two operative techniques: skin flap, and full-thickness skin graft.Material and methodsBetween January 2004 and January 2011, 72 patients were treated by BAHA implant and 32 of these patients (total of 41 implants) were included in the study. Two surgical techniques were used: full-thickness skin graft (n=21) and skin flap (n=20).ResultsFour types of skin complications were observed: necrosis, inflammation/infection, hypertrophic scar, and fixture loss due to inadequate osseointegration. Complications requiring surgical revision were observed in 20% of cases with the skin flap method and 38% of cases with the skin graft technique, with no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.31).ConclusionThe skin graft technique appears to be associated with a higher rate of major complications. The most common complication is hypertrophic scar. The apparently high complication rate in this series can be explained by a selection bias (exclusion of a large number of complication-free patients)

Optimisation des aménagements boisés de parcours de volailles de chair Label Rouge et Biologique

La présence d’un parcours est un élément majeur caractérisant les productions de volailles sous signes de qualité Label Rouge et Biologique. Pour assurer la durabilité de ces modes de production, il est nécessaire d’optimiser la gestion des parcours, afin de concilier au mieux les besoins des volailles et une gestion environnementale pertinente, tout en permettant d’évaluer les possibilités de production d’un revenu supplémentaire pour l’éleveur. Pour cela, il était nécessaire de connaître la diversité des parcours existants et des pratiques de gestion des éleveurs, ainsi que d’apporter des références environnementales quant aux impacts des plantations sur le stockage du carbone, les émissions de GES, la participation à la biodiversité, au paysage. L’ensemble de ces travaux et la synthèse des connaissances acquises ont permis d’élaborer des préconisations concrètes pour les éleveurs et techniciens

Randomized controlled trial on postoperative pulmonary humidification after total laryngectomy: external humidifier versus heat and moisture exchanger

Objectives/Hypothesis: Assessment of immediate postoperative airway humidification after total laryngectomy (TLE), comparing the use of an external humidifier (EH) with humidification through a heat and moisture exchanger (HME). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: Fifty-three patients were randomized into the standard (control) EH (N = 26) or the experimental HME arm (N = 27). Compliance, pulmonary and sleeping problems, patients' and nursing staff satisfaction, nursing time, and cost-effectiveness were assessed with trial-specific structured questionnaires and tally sheets. Results: In the EH arm data were available for all patients, whereas in the HME arm data were incomplete for four patients. The 24/ 7 compliance rate in the EH arm was 12% and in the HME arm 87% (77% if the four nonevaluable patients are considered noncompliant). Compliance and patients' satisfaction were significantly better, and the number of coughing episodes, mucus expectoration for clearing the trachea, and sleeping disturbances were significantly less in the HME arm (P <.001). This was also the case for nursing time and nursing staff satisfaction and preference. Conclusions: This RCT clearly shows the benefits of immediate postoperative airway humidification by means of an HME over the use of an EH after TLE. This study therefore underlines that HMEs presently can be considered the better option for early postoperative airway humidification after TLE. Key Words: Total laryngectomy, postoperative airway humidification, external humidifier, heat and moisture exchanger, pulmonary rehabilitatio

The medi-RIVAGE study (mediterranean diet, cardiovascular risks and gene polymorphisms): rationale, recruitment, design, dietary intervention and baseline characteristics of participants

International audienc

Levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells are related to uremic toxins and vascular injury in hemodialysis patients

International audienceBackground: Patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases (CKD) exhibit cardiovascular diseases and profound endothelial dysfunction. CKD patients have reduced numbers of endothelial progenitor cells, but little is known about the factors influencing these numbers. Objectives: Among these factors, we hypothesized that uremic toxins and vascular injury affect endothelial progenitor cells. Patients/methods: Thirty-eight hemodialysis patients were investigated and compared with 21 healthy controls. CD34+CD133+ immature progenitors, CD34+KDR+ endothelial progenitors cells (EPC) and myeloid EPC (mEPC) were counted in peripheral blood. Levels of uremic toxins beta(2)-microglobulin, indole-3 acetic acid, indoxylsulfate, p-cresylsulfate and homocysteine were measured. Vascular injury was assessed in hemodialysis (HD) patients by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity and plasma levels of endothelial microparticles. In vitro experiments were performed to study the effect of uremic toxins on apoptosis of progenitor cells. Results and conclusions: CD34+CD133+ immature progenitor cell number was negatively correlated with the levels of uremic toxins beta(2)-microglobulin and indole-3 acetic acid. In vitro, indole-3 acetic acid induced apoptosis of CD133+ cells. These data indicate uremic toxins have a deleterious role on progenitor cells, early in the differentiation process. Moreover, mEPC number was positively correlated with markers of vascular injury-pulse wave velocity and endothelial microparticle levels. This suggests that vascular lesions could stimulate progenitor cell mobilization, even in a context of reduced EPC induced by CKD. In conclusion, uremic toxins and vascular injury appear to affect endothelial progenitor cell biology in CKD

Quality control of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy with Optically Stimulated Luminescent films

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Arginase upregulation and eNOS uncoupling contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction.

Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, notably hypertension (HTN). Alterations in the vascular system, particularly impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, may play an important role in long-term effects of IUGR. Whether such vascular dysfunction precedes HTN has not been fully established in individuals born after IUGR. Moreover, the intimate mechanisms of altered endothelium-dependent vasodilation remain incompletely elucidated. We therefore investigated, using a rat model of IUGR, whether impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation precedes the development of HTN and whether key components of the l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway are involved in its pathogenesis. Pregnant rats were fed with a control (CTRL, 23% casein) or low-protein diet (LPD, 9% casein) to induce IUGR. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography in 5- and 8-wk-old male offspring. Aortic rings were isolated to investigate relaxation to acetylcholine, NO production, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein content, arginase activity, and superoxide anion production. SBP was not different at 5 wk but significantly increased in 8-wk-old offspring of maternal LPD (LP) versus CTRL offspring. In 5-wk-old LP versus CTRL males, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was significantly impaired but restored by preincubation with l-arginine or the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine; NO production was significantly reduced but restored by l-arginine pretreatment; total eNOS protein, dimer-to-monomer ratio, and arginase activity were significantly increased; superoxide anion production was significantly enhanced but normalized by pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor N &lt;sup&gt;ω&lt;/sup&gt; -nitro-l-arginine. In this model, IUGR leads to early-impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, resulting from arginase upregulation and eNOS uncoupling, which precedes the development of HTN