Contribution of the light filth method to the Integrated Pest Management of a flour mill

An important contribution to Integrated Pest Management in stored-product protection can be provided by the light-filth method since it gives particular attention to the extraneous particles contaminating food (such as insects, insect fragments, mites, hairs, feather barbules, etc.), extending to the identification of the material from which they have originated or the animals and vegetables from which they derive or have been part of in the past. In this regard, semolina produced by an industrial mill (processing 500 t of durum wheat per day) located in South Italy was examined for light filth according to the method established by Italian regulation. During the investigations we verified the presence of insect fragments in 250 semolina samples collected from June 2008 to July 2009. Our results show that the number of insect fragments found in the samples (from 0 to 15 fragments per 50 g semolina) remained below the limit of 75 fragments per 50 g flour established by the Italian regulation. The fragments of arthropods found in the semolina samples had different origins. Numerous fragments came from both immature and adult insects infesting plants of wheat in fields (thrips and aphids); many other fragments belong to internal feeding insects and external feeding insects (Sitophilus spp., Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium spp., Cryptolestes spp., Oryzaephilus spp., and Nemapogon granellus) which are able to infest cereals during post-harvest processing or to colonize millrooms in which dusts, cereal debris, and flour residues are present. We also found fragments associable to structural pests like flies and psocids that are present in environments contaminated by mould spores and fungal hyphae. The results revealed that the fumigation of the mill realized in August 2008 did not modify the number of fragments contaminating the semolina, which remained at the same level during the 14 months of the experiment. Keywords: Light filth, Semolina, IPM, Flour mill, Italy

Nonlocal interpretation of λ\lambda-variational symmetry-reduction method

In this paper we give a geometric interpretation of a reduction method based on the so called $\lambda$-variational symmetry (C. Muriel, J.L. Romero and P. Olver 2006 \emph{Variational $C^{\infty}$-symmetries and Euler-Lagrange equations} J. Differential equations \textbf{222} 164-184). In general this allows only a partial reduction but it is particularly suitable for the reduction of variational ODEs with a lack of computable local symmetries. We show that this method is better understood as a nonlocal symmetry-reduction

Local and nonlocal solvable structures in ODEs reduction

Solvable structures, likewise solvable algebras of local symmetries, can be used to integrate scalar ODEs by quadratures. Solvable structures, however, are particularly suitable for the integration of ODEs with a lack of local symmetries. In fact, under regularity assumptions, any given ODE always admits solvable structures even though finding them in general could be a very difficult task. In practice a noteworthy simplification may come by computing solvable structures which are adapted to some admitted symmetry algebra. In this paper we consider solvable structures adapted to local and nonlocal symmetry algebras of any order (i.e., classical and higher). In particular we introduce the notion of nonlocal solvable structure

Surgical treatment of acute fingernail injuries

The fingernail has an important role in hand function, facilitating the pinch and increasing the sensitivity of the fingertip. Therefore, immediate and proper strategy in treating fingernail injuries is essential to avoid aesthetic and functional impairment. Nail-bed and fingertip injuries are considered in this review, including subungual hematoma, wounds, simple lacerations of the nail bed and/or matrix, stellate lacerations, avulsion of the nail bed, ungual matrix defect, nail-bed injuries associated with fractures of the distal phalanx, and associated fingertip injuries. All these injuries require careful initial evaluation and adequate treatment, which is often performed under magnification. Delayed and secondary procedures of fingernail sequelae are possible, but final results are often unpredictable

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, S-phase fraction and thymidylate synthase quantitation in node-positive colon cancer: Relationships with tumor recurrence and resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy

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