Dual type complementary colored polymer electrochromic devices based on conducting polymers of poly(hexanedioic acid bis-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester)

In this study, dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on homopolymer and copolymer of hexanedioic acid bis-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester) with 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) were constructed, where PEDOT functioned as the cathodically coloring layer. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability, stability, open circuit memory and color of the devices were investigated. Results of the kinetic studies showed these devices exhibit switching times around 1.8 s with an optical contrast of 24-25.3%. The device utilizing the homopolymer revealed color variation between yellow and blue, whereas the one with the copolymer was between orange and blue. Both devices have good open circuit memory under atmospheric conditions, which might be useful in many applications

Conducting polymers of octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester and their electrochromic properties

Octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester was synthesized via the reaction of 3-thiophene ethanol with octanoyl chloride. The resulting monomer was electrochemically homopolymerized in the presence of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate as the supporting electrolyte, in the acetonitrile/borontrifluoride ethyl ether solvent system. The resulting polymer was characterized using various experimental techniques. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis of the homopolymer reflects electronic transitions at 434, approximate to 800 and 1100 nm, revealing pi-pi degrees transition, polaron and bipolaron band formation, respectively, leading to esthetically pleasing color changes between transmissive yellow and blue, with reasonable switching times

Synthesis and electrochromic properties of a symmetric polythiophene derivative: Decanedionic acid bis-(2-thiophene-3-yl-ether)ester and its copolymer with thiophene

Here we describe the electrochemical homopolymerization and copolymerization of decanedionic acid bis-(2-thiophene-3-yl- ether)ester (DATE) in the presence of thiophene. Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) was utilized as the supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (ACN) /borontrifloride ethylether (BFEE) solvent mixture (8:2D, v/v). Electrochemical homopolymerization of DATE and copolymerization with thiophene were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Conducting polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Thermal Analyses. The morphologies of electrochemically synthesized P(DATE) and P(DATE-co-Th) thin films were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrical conductivities were measured by the four-probe technique. Spectroelectrochemical behaviors of P(DATE) and P(DATE-co-Th) films were investigated by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Homopolymer revealed color changes between brownish Yellow and blue, whereas copolymer revealed changes between orange and blue in reduced and oxidized states respectively. Switching ability of the polymers was investigated via kinetic study upon measuring the % transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast point. Results implied that copolymerization is a valuable approach to achieve the desired electrochromic properties

The effect of copolymerization and carbon nanoelements on the performance of poly(2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole) biosensors

PubMed ID: 31546439The development of biosensing interfaces based on copolymerization of benzenamine-2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole (SNS-An) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is reported. Both homopolymer P(SNS-An) and copolymer P(SNS-An-co-EDOT) films were prepared and evaluated, in terms of biosensing efficiency, upon incorporation of carbon nanoelements (carbon nanotubes and fullerene) and cross-linking of glucose oxidase. The copolymer revealed superior performance as a biosensing interface as compared to the homopolymer structure or previously reported P(SNS) biosensors. The analytical characteristics and stability studies were performed both at cathodic potential, monitoring O2 consumption, as a result of catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase towards glucose and at anodic potential, following the oxidation of the H2O2 produced during the catalytic reaction. Whilst the measurements on the positive side offered an extended linear range (0.01–5.0 mM), the negative side provided sensitivity up to 104.96 ?A/mMcm? 1 within a shorter range. Detection limits were as low as 1.9 ?M with Km value of 0.49 mM. Lastly, the most performant biosensing platforms, including copolymeric structure and CNTs were employed for analysis in real samples. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Akdeniz ÜniversitesiWe are grateful to Akdeniz University for the support of this study. Appendix

Synthesis and characterization of poly(thiophen-3-yl acetic acid 4-pyrrol-1-yl phenyl ester-co-N-methylpyrrole) and its application in an electrochromic device

Copolymer of thiophen-3-yl acetic acid 4-pyrrol-1-yl phenyl ester (TAPE) with N-methylpyrrole (NMPy) was synthesized by potentiostatic electrochemical polymerization in acetotiitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate solvent-electrolyte couple. The chemical structures were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Electrochromic and spectroelectrochemical properties of poly(TAPE-co-NMPy) [P(TAPE-co-NMPy)] were investigated. Results showed that the copolymer revealed color change between light yellow and green upon doping and dedoping of the copolymer, with a moderate switching time. Furthermore, as an application, dual-type absorptive/transmissive polymer electrochromic device (ECD) based on poly(TAPE-co-NMPy) and poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been assembled, where spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability, stability, and optical memory of the ECD were investigated. Results showed that the device exhibited good optical memory and stability with moderate switching time. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochromic properties of conducting poly(hexanedioic acid bis-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester) and its copolymer with thiophene

Hexanedioic acid bis-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl) ester (HABTE) was synthesized via the reaction of 3-thiophene ethanol with adipoyl chloride. Resulting monomer was electrochemically homopolymerized in the presence of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate as the supporting electrolyte, in acetonitrile/borontrifloride ethylether solvent mixture (8:2, v/v). Copolymerization in the presence of thiophene was achieved in TBAFB/AN. Resulting homo and copolymers were characterized via CV, FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and UV-vis Spectroscopy. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis of homopolymer, P(HABTE), reflected electronic transitions at 385, 600, and 900 nm, revealing pi-pi* transition, polaron, and bipolaron band formation, respectively. Switching ability of the homopolymer was evaluated by a kinetic study upon measuring the %T at the maximum contrast point, indicating that PHABTE is a potential material for electrochromic devices

Both anodically and cathodically coloring electrochromic polymer based on dithieno[3,4-b,3 ',4 '-e]-[1,4]-dithiine

In this study poly(dithieno[3,4-b,3',4'-e]-[1,4]-dithiine) (PDTH) was synthesized potentiodynamically in both p- and n-doping domains in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrie/borontrifluoride ethylether (8:2, v/v). Resulting homopolymer was characterized via cyclic voltammetry, FTIR and UV-vis Spectroscopy. PDTH revealed both anodically and cathodically coloring electrochromic behavior, upon p-and n-doping, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis of p-doped polymer, reflected electronic transitions at 450-486, 766 and similar to 900nm, revealing pi-pi degrees transition, polaron and bipolaron band formation, respectively. As an anodically coloring material, polymer revealed multi-color electrochromism, exhibiting brick, green and light gray colors. As the cathodically coloring material, color varied between highly transmissive and brown, as such this material exhibits potential controllable states. Switching ability of the polymer was also investigated by a kinetic study upon measuring the %T at the maximum contrast point. Results showed that PDTH is a potential material for electrochromic devices both as anodically and cathodically coloring material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved

Dual type complementary colored polymer electrochromic devices utilized by 3-ester substituted thiophenes

Dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on potentiodynamically coated films of octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester (OTE), decanedioic acid bis-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl) ester (DATE) and ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) were constructed. The former two function as anodically coloring layers and the latter as a cathodically coloring layer in between tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) poly(methylmethacrylate) gel media. The spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability and stability of the devices were investigated by U-V-Vis spectrometry and cyclic voltarnmetry. These devices exhibit low switching voltages (0-1.4 V) and short switching times with reasonable switching stability under atmospheric conditions

Synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of new transition metal compounds of bromophenols: Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenolato) di(N-methylimidazole)M(II) (M=Co, Cu)

Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenolato)di(N-methyl imidazole)M(II), where M stands for cobalt and copper metals, was synthesized via reaction of the corresponding metal sulphate and 2,4,6-tribromophenolate in aqueous media in the presence of N-methyl imidazole and sodium hydroxide. Although various crystallization procedures were applied only cobalt complex was obtained as single crystals. The Co(II) ion has a distorted octahedral enviroment involving two O atoms and two N atoms of the Bis(2,4,6-tribromopbenolato)di(N-methyl imidazole) ligand. Powder x-ray diffraction pattern of copper compound was used for cooper complex. For characterizations of complexes carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen elemental analysis, FTIR and UV spectroscopy, DSC thermal analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements at room temperature were performed. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim