37 research outputs found

    PropriĂ©tĂ©s rhĂ©ologiques de farines panifiables formulĂ©es Ă  partir d’extraits d’amidon et de gluten de blĂ©

    Get PDF
    Le prĂ©sent travail a mis en Ă©vidence les propriĂ©tĂ©s rhĂ©ologiques des farines panifiables reconstituĂ©es avec des extraits d’amidon. Du gluten vital 10% a Ă©tĂ© incorporĂ© Ă  90% d’extraits d’amidons de blĂ©, de maĂŻs,de riz et de la pomme de terre pour obtenir, respectivement, quatre (4) types de farines F1, F2, F3 et F4. Les farines ont Ă©tĂ© reconstituĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un mĂ©langeur de type KENWOOD Ă  4 unitĂ©s de vitesse. Les caractĂ©ristiques rhĂ©ologiques des pĂątes des farines reconstituĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es Ă  l’aide du Farinographe Brabender et de l’AlvĂ©ographe Chopin. Les farines F2, F3 et F4 sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par une forte capacitĂ© d’hydratation, une faible activitĂ© a-amylasique qui se traduit par des temps de chute trĂšs Ă©levĂ©s. Il en rĂ©sulte des pĂątes de trĂšs faible tenue avec une rĂ©sistance Ă  l’extraction, en comparaison avec une farine de rĂ©fĂ©rence (Fo). La force de la pĂąte de la farine F1 est plus Ă©levĂ©e (W = 85.10-4 J) que celle des pĂątes des farines F2, F3 et F4. Globalement, l’équilibre de configuration (P/L) entre la tĂ©nacitĂ© et l’élasticitĂ© des pĂątes des farines est de l’ordre de 0,88 alors que les indices d’élasticitĂ© varient entre 7,3 et 9,4

    CaractĂ©risation physique et mĂ©canique de Thalia geniculata et de Musa sapientum, deux espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es comme emballages alimentaires en Afrique de l’Ouest

    Get PDF
    Plusieurs feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales sont utilisĂ©es comme emballages en  agroalimentaire au BĂ©nin. Le prĂ©sent travail vise Ă  dĂ©terminer les propriĂ©tĂ©s physiques et mĂ©caniques de Thalia geniculata et Musa sapientum, deux espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales les plus utilisĂ©es pour l’emballage de l’akassa, une pĂąte alimentaire d’origine bĂ©ninoise obtenue par la fermentation traditionnelle de maĂŻs. Des tests d’opacitĂ©, de  permĂ©abilitĂ© Ă  l’eau, de traction et de migration ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur les feuilles indiquĂ©es avec des mĂ©thodes de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Il est apparu que toutes les feuilles fraĂźches ont une opacitĂ© plus Ă©levĂ©e que les feuilles traitĂ©es par flambage, les plus fortes valeurs ayant Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans le domaine des ultraviolets (550 nm). Toutes les feuilles analysĂ©es sont impermĂ©ables Ă  l’eau Ă  25 °C. En traction longitudinale, les feuilles de Musa sapientum et de Thalia geniculata ont des contraintes Ă  la rupture respectives de 2,025 MPa et 0,573 MPa. En traction transversale, les mĂȘmes contraintes, pour les deux espĂšces, sont respectivement de 0,908 MPa et de 0,573 MPa. Par ailleurs, au bout de 24 heures, aucun effet de migration de glucides ne s’est opĂ©rĂ© entre l’akassa et les feuilles de Musa sapientum ; tandis qu’une lĂ©gĂšre migration de glucides de l’akassa vers les feuilles de Thalia geniculata a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Au regard des rĂ©sultats obtenus, Musa sapientum et Thalia Thalia geniculata prĂ©sentent des caractĂ©ristiques potentielles qui peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es pour confectionner des emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux moulĂ©s de type pakistanais et respectueux des normes environnementales, contrairement aux emballages plastiques non biodĂ©gradables dont l’utilisation dans les villes africaines est source de grave pollution environnementale. Mots clĂ©s : Emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux, Thalia geniculata ; Musa Sapientum, Akassa ; emballages biodĂ©gradables

    Three Traditional Fermented Baobab Foods from Benin, Mutchayan, Dikouanyouri and Tayohounta: Preparation, Properties and Consumption

    Get PDF
    Forest food resources contribute significantly to food supply in areas where they grow. Three fermented baobab foods were studied: Dikouanyouri (from seeds, pH = 6.5); Tayohounta (from seed kernels, pH = 7), and Mutchayan (from baobab pulp and sorghum, pH = 4.2). Bacillus spp. (8.5 and 9.5 Log cfu /g) and lactic acid bacteria (8.9 and 8.4 Log cfu /g,) dominate in Dikouanyouri and Tayohounta, respectively. In Mutchayan, lactic acid bacteria (8.1 Log cfu/g) and yeasts (7.2 Log cfu/g) predominated. The arbitrary index of protein cleavage increases from 2.3% (unfermented products) to 13.7% in Dikouanyouri and 21.3% in Tayohounta, indicating significant protein degradation. Mutchayan is the most frequently consumed produc

    Microbial contamination associated with the processing of tchachanga, a roasted meat product

    Get PDF
    This study aimed to assess the microbiological contamination and quality of tchachanga, a roasted meat braised product processed at traditional scale in Benin, West Africa. A survey was performed to collect samples of tchachanga and data related to hygienic conditions of the roasted meat processing environment. A total of 60 samples of tchachanga including skewers, roasted meat and seasoned wrapped meat were collected from different processing sites in Cotonou, Benin. The main food borne microorganisms involved were investigated using standard methods. Moreover, a follow-up of tchachanga processing was performed to identify contamination factors of the product. In this respect, samples were collected at certain steps during the processing, and various microorganisms such as coliforms, pathogenic Staphylococcus and Salmonella were traced. The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in different products ranged between 6.47±0.61 and 6.93±0.43 Log (cfu/g). Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Staphylococci ranged from 1.59 to 4.79, 1.00 to 3.2 and 3.49 to 5.2 Log (cfu/g), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the microbial count of different types of tchachanga investigated, but different processing methods had significant changes in the microbial content of the samples as a result of the processing environments and the ingredients used. The presence of Salmonella sp. was observed in all products.Keywords: Street food, Tchachanga, meat, microbiology, qualityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(18), pp. 2449-245

    Softening effect of Ikpiru and Yanyanku, two traditional additives used for the fermentation of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds in Benin

    Get PDF
    Ikpiru and Yanyanku are two additives used for the traditional alkaline fermentation of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa. Benth) to produce food condiments in Benin. In this study, African locust beans (Parkia biglobosa. Benth) were fermented with or without Ikpiru and Yanyanku to assess the factors explaining the softening role of these additives during the fermentation process. Changes in microbial population, chemical components and texture parameters of the fermented cotyledons were determined during the fermentation process. Bacillus spp. predominated during the fermentation, with an upward trend. The use of Yanyanku or Ikpiru seems to increase Bacillus count during the earlier stage (between 0 and 18 hours) of fermentation, since the variations were 35% and 43% (growth rate of 0.13 and 0.16 Log10 h-1) for trial with Yanyanku and Ikpiru respectively, versus 6% (0.02 Log10 h-1) for the control. Despite this initial gap, the final count (after 48 h) did not show any significant difference between the control and samples with additives. Compressing forces were significantly lower between 12 to 24 h for cotyledons fermented with additives than for the control, suggesting a rapid disintegration, i.e., the softening effect of Yanyanku and Ikpiru during the fermentation of African locust bean seeds. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between proximate composition of the samples fermented without additives and those fermented with additives.Keywords: Fermentation, Bacillus, softening effect, softenin

    CaractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques, phytochimiques et toxicitĂ© des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es comme emballages alimentaires en Afrique de l’Ouest

    Get PDF
    Le prĂ©sent travail vise Ă  caractĂ©riser quatre espĂšces de feuilles vĂ©gĂ©tales utilisĂ©es comme emballages alimentaires en Afrique de l’Ouest. La caractĂ©risation a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e au plan physico-chimique, phytochimique et de la toxicitĂ© au moyen de mĂ©thodes de rĂ©fĂ©rences. Il est apparu que les teneurs en protĂ©ines, en lipides totaux et en cendres totales sont respectivement de 6,0 ; 4,6 ; 8,7% pour Tectona grandis ; 16,0 ; 4,3 ;  9,1% pour Musa sapientum ; 12,5 ; 4,6 ; 7,0% pour Thalia geniculata et 13,4 ; 2,0 ; 7,2% pour Manihot esculenta. Une diminution significative de ces valeurs a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e aprĂšs 3 jours de conservation des produits emballĂ©s dans ces espĂšces de feuilles. Le fer est prĂ©sent dans toutes les espĂšces, notamment dans Manihot esculenta (8,4%), Tectona grandis (4,4%) avec une lĂ©gĂšre diminution aprĂšs emballage des produits. La teneur en vitamine C est prĂ©sente uniquement dans les feuilles de  Manihot esculenta dans l’ordre de 0,4%. Les tanins, les catĂ©chiques, les anthocyanes, les leuco-anthocyanes, les mucilages, les flavonoĂŻdes et les coumarines ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s dans toutes les espĂšces de feuilles  analysĂ©es. Toutes les espĂšces de feuilles analysĂ©es se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es non toxiques.Mots clĂ©s : Emballages vĂ©gĂ©taux, emballages alimentaires, BĂ©nin, valeur nutritionnelle, toxicitĂ© des plantes, caractĂ©ristiques phytochimiques

    RÉGÉNÉRATION IN VITRO DE L’ARBRE À SUIF (PENTADESMA BUTYRACEA SABINE), UNE ESPÈCE LIGNEUSE À USAGES MULTIPLES (LUM) VULNÉRABLE AU BENIN

    Get PDF
    This work is done in order to identify the effects of basal media associated with two cytokinins (BAP and zeatin) and suitability for the regeneration of apical and axillary buds Pentadesma butyracea. Fragments axillary bud stem and apical bud stem fragment were taken from seedlings P. butyracea from seed germination in a greenhouse. After disinfection, explants were cultured on three basic areas: MS (Murashige and Skoog), B5 (Ganborg) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium). The effects of Zeatin and BAP on the bud and bud development were also studied. These in vitro propagation of tests conducted in this species, showed that the apical bud fragments proved to be the most favorable. Among the tested culture media, basal medium Gamborg (B5) is most suited to the entry into operation of apical buds (26.66%). Other WPM and MS basal media also allowed bud but at low rates (20%; 13%). Zeatin (3.5 mg / L) appears best suited to budding and regeneration of apical buds of P. butyracea and the formation of leaves per explants. BAP favored the resumption of activity of the apex, but not plant development. Our experiments allow to open a new path consistent multiplication of individuals elites Pentadesma butyracae to produce seeds that can be used for propagation, domestication and conservation of this species

    Screening of the kernels of Pentadesma butyracea from various growing sites of Benin and evaluation of their antioxidant pigments content

    Get PDF
    Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiaceae) is a ligneous forest species of multipurpose uses. It is widely distributed in Africa from Guinea-Bissau to the West of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study screened the kernel of P. butyracea on the basis of their physico-chemical properties. Six types of kernels were distinguished. The plant producing type 1 kernels (with medium length, low width and high thickness) and type 5 kernels (with high length, high width and high thickness) predominate within accessions representing 63% of the collections. Significant differences were found in the structural composition of the kernels. The average level of oil concentration in the kernels was 46.77%. The 1000 kernel weight averaged to 6.46 kg. The kernel hardness averaged to 550.81 N and is similar for all accessions but revealed that P. butyracea kernel is harder than shea kernel. The total phenolics and the total anthocyanins contents of the kernels varied significantly among accessions with a mean value of 164.03 and 152.78 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity in the extract from P. butyracea kernel ranged from 30.22 to 58.57% of the remaining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and is comparable to many traditional sources of antioxidants.Key words: Pentadesma butyracea, kernel, butter, antioxidant, cosmetic
    corecore