Milutin Milankovitch, père de la théorie astronomique des paléoclimats

Milutin Milankovitch, father of the astronomical theory of paleoclimates The astronomical theory of paleoclimates explains the recurrence of glacial and interglacial cycles during the Quaternary era. Born at the beginning of the 19th century, the theory has been further developed by Milutin Milankovitch, who, by a complete mathematical approach, during the first half of the 20th century, has provided physical basis necessary to confront it with a reliable and relevant collection of geological data during the seventies. Yugoslavian engineer and astronomer, he was born at Dalj in 1879 and died in Beograd in 1958. He developed his theory between 1915 and 1938. After having been heavily criticized until the sixties, this theory has now won general acceptance.André Berger et Tatomir P. Andjelič. Milutin Milankovitch, père de la théorie astronomique des paléoclimats. La théorie astronomique des paléoclimats explique la récurrence des cycles glaciaire-interglaciaire du Quaternaire. Née au début du 19ième siècle, c'est Milutin Milankovitch qui, par une approche mathématique complète au cours de la première moitié du 20ième siècle, lui a donné les bases physiques nécessaires qui permirent de la confronter à un ensemble fiable et approprié de données géologiques dans les années 1970. Ingénieur et astronome yougoslave, il est né à Dalj en 1879 et est mort à Belgrade en 1958. Il développa sa théorie entre 1915 et 1938. Après avoir essuyé de nombreuses critiques jusque dans les années 1960, cette théorie est actuellement acceptée par tous.Andjelić Tatomir P., Berger André Léon. Milutin Milankovitch, père de la théorie astronomique des paléoclimats. In: Histoire & Mesure, 1988 volume 3 - n°3. Le climat. pp. 385-402

Glass production in the Middle Ages from Italy to Central Europe: the contribution of archaeometry to the history of technology

The present paper reports and discusses data obtained by a combined archaeological and archaeometric study carried out on an assemblage of selected Medieval glass finds from the Monastery of St. Severus in Classe (Ravenna, Italy) and ascribable to the 13–16th CE. Glassware belonging to three main typological groups was selected for this study: ampoules, nuppenbecher and kropfflasche. Such a choice mainly stems from the intent to evaluate typological and compositional affinities of these peculiar vessel typologies with the same forms unearthed in different regions of Central Europe, as a starting point for a possible reconstruction of trade contacts between Italy and Central Europe. Archaeological contextualisation of the site and chrono-typological study of glass vessels were associated to ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) analyses, performed to characterise the composition of the glassy matrix (major and minor components as well as trace elements). The results, elaborated according to the archaeometric glass classification and provenancing of raw materials, shed new light on glass production in late Medieval times and can be broaden framed as a starting point for interpreting relations and exchanges between geographical areas and related cultures