Health claims in the labelling and marketing of food products:: the Swedish food sector's Code of Practice in a European perspective

Since 1990 certain health claims in the labelling and marketing of food products have been allowed in Sweden within the food sector's Code of Practice. The rules were developed in close dialogue with the authorities. The legal basis was a decision by the authorities not to apply the medicinal products’ legislation to “foods normally found on the dinner table” provided the rules defined in the Code were followed. The Code of Practice lists nine well-established diet–health relationships eligible for generic disease risk reduction claims in two steps and general rules regarding nutrient function claims. Since 2001, there has also been the possibility for using “product-specific physiological claims (PFP)”, subject to premarketing evaluation of the scientific dossier supporting the claim. The scientific documentation has been approved for 10 products with PFP, and another 15 products have been found to fulfil the Code's criteria for “low glycaemic index”. In the third edition of the Code, active since 2004, conditions in terms of nutritional composition were set, i.e. “nutrient profiles”, with a general reference to the Swedish National Food Administration's regulation on the use of a particular symbol, i.e. the keyhole symbol. Applying the Swedish Code of practice has provided experience useful in the implementation of the European Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods, effective from 2007

Free-to-Play Games: Paying Players' Perspective

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Percepção da doença: uma avaliação a ser realizada pelos enfermeiros

Percepção da doença é a maneira como os indivíduos entendem e lidam com sua patologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, na literatura, artigos desenvolvidos por enfermeiros a respeito da percepção da doença e os instrumentos disponíveis para a avaliação da mesma. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que possibilitou a identificação de nove artigos que relacionavam a percepção da doença à Educação em saúde, Enfrentamento, Adesão ao tratamento e Qualidade de vida. Também foram identificadas formas de avaliação deste fenômeno. Concluiu-se que os enfermeiros devem avaliar periodicamente a percepção da doença por meio de instrumentos validados e, preferencialmente, em conjunto com o uso dos diagnósticos de enfermagem descritos pela NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I)

Regulatory T cells control endothelial chemokine production and migration of T cells into intestinal tumors of APC mice.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are crucial for anti-tumor immunity. We have previously shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) are able to reduce T-cell transendothelial migration in vitro and accumulation of effector T cells in intestinal tumors in vivo. Treg depletion also resulted in increased levels of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 specifically in the tumors. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for Treg mediated suppression of T-cell migration into intestinal tumors in the AP