Determination of physiological responses on hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) plant exposed to different salt concentrations

Plant growth is restricted by many environmental factors. Soil salinity is considered as an important agricultural problem for dry and semi-dry fields in many regions around the world. It is known that salinity is an important stress factor restricting water and nutrient intake of plants. In this study, the physiological responses of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) exposed to different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mM) were investigated. The stomata status, osmotic potential, proline content, chlorophyll and caretonoid contents and protein variances were examined in the plants exposed to salt. The physiological responses of the hyacinth varied depending on the salt concentration. Stress was kept under control at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mM; however, bulbs were decayed and necrosis was formed on the leaves at concentration of 400 mM. This study on hyacinth will help us to learn about tolerance mechanisms raised by plants with bulb against salt stress. It was seen in this study that the stomata size decreased when the salt concentration was increased and the chlorophyll and caretonoid contents also decreased. A significant decrease was seen in proline content and it increased at 400 mM and some protein bands which existed in control group disappeared in electrophoresis study.Key words: Salt, stress, hyacinth

Inter-valley coherent order and isospin fluctuation mediated superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene

Superconductivity was recently discovered in rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG) in the absence of a moir\'e potential. Superconductivity is observed proximate to a metallic state with reduced isospin symmetry, but it remains unknown whether this is a coincidence or a key ingredient for superconductivity. Using a Hartree-Fock analysis and constraints from experiments, we argue that the symmetry breaking is inter-valley coherent (IVC) in nature. We evaluate IVC fluctuations as a possible pairing glue, and find that they lead to chiral unconventional superconductivity when the fluctuations are strong. We further elucidate how the inter-valley Hund's coupling determines the spin-structure of the IVC ground state and breaks the degeneracy between spin-singlet and triplet superconductivity. Remarkably, if the normal state is spin-unpolarized, we find that a ferromagnetic Hund's coupling favors spin-singlet superconductivity, in agreement with experiments. Instead, if the normal state is spin-polarized, then IVC fluctuations lead to spin-triplet pairing.Comment: 8 + 22 pages, 3 + 5 figures; (v2) 8 + 24 pages, 3 + 6 figures, additional discussion of pairing symmetries; (v3) 9 + 25 pages, 3 + 7 figures, added phase diagram and correlation length estimat

Possible way out of the Hawking paradox: Erasing the information at the horizon

We show that small deviations from spherical symmetry, described by means of exact solutions to Einstein equations, provide a mechanism to "bleach" the information about the collapsing body as it falls through the aparent horizon, thereby resolving the information loss paradox. The resulting picture and its implication related to the Landauer's principle in the presence of a gravitational field, is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, Latex. Some comments added to answer to some raised questions. Typos corected. Final version, to appear in Int. J. Modern. Phys.

Don't Thrash: How to Cache Your Hash on Flash

This paper presents new alternatives to the well-known Bloom filter data structure. The Bloom filter, a compact data structure supporting set insertion and membership queries, has found wide application in databases, storage systems, and networks. Because the Bloom filter performs frequent random reads and writes, it is used almost exclusively in RAM, limiting the size of the sets it can represent. This paper first describes the quotient filter, which supports the basic operations of the Bloom filter, achieving roughly comparable performance in terms of space and time, but with better data locality. Operations on the quotient filter require only a small number of contiguous accesses. The quotient filter has other advantages over the Bloom filter: it supports deletions, it can be dynamically resized, and two quotient filters can be efficiently merged. The paper then gives two data structures, the buffered quotient filter and the cascade filter, which exploit the quotient filter advantages and thus serve as SSD-optimized alternatives to the Bloom filter. The cascade filter has better asymptotic I/O performance than the buffered quotient filter, but the buffered quotient filter outperforms the cascade filter on small to medium data sets. Both data structures significantly outperform recently-proposed SSD-optimized Bloom filter variants, such as the elevator Bloom filter, buffered Bloom filter, and forest-structured Bloom filter. In experiments, the cascade filter and buffered quotient filter performed insertions 8.6-11 times faster than the fastest Bloom filter variant and performed lookups 0.94-2.56 times faster.Comment: VLDB201

The Kibble-Zurek Problem: Universality and the Scaling Limit

Near a critical point, the equilibrium relaxation time of a system diverges and any change of control/thermodynamic parameters leads to non-equilibrium behavior. The Kibble-Zurek problem is to determine the dynamical evolution of the system parametrically close to its critical point when the change is parametrically slow. The non-equilibrium behavior in this limit is controlled entirely by the critical point and the details of the trajectory of the system in parameter space (the protocol) close to the critical point. Together, they define a universality class consisting of critical exponents-discussed in the seminal work by Kibble and Zurek-and scaling functions for physical quantities, which have not been discussed hitherto. In this article, we give an extended and pedagogical discussion of the universal content in the Kibble-Zurek problem. We formally define a scaling limit for physical quantities near classical and quantum transitions for different sets of protocols. We report computations of a few scaling functions in model Gaussian and large-N problems and prove their universality with respect to protocol choice. We also introduce a new protocol in which the critical point is approached asymptotically at late times with the system marginally out of equilibrium, wherein logarithmic violations to scaling and anomalous dimensions occur even in the simple Gaussian problem.Comment: 19 pages,10 figure

Universal dynamical decoherence control of noisy single-and multi-qubit systems

In this article we develop, step by step, the framework for universal dynamical control of two-level systems (TLS) or qubits experiencing amplitude- or phase-noise (AN or PN) due to coupling to a thermal bath. A comprehensive arsenal of modulation schemes is introduced and applied to either AN or PN, resulting in completely analogous formulae for the decoherence rates, thus underscoring the unified nature of this universal formalism. We then address the extension of this formalism to multipartite decoherence control, where symmetries are exploited to overcome decoherence.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure

Propuesta Basi a para la Gestion de los Residuos Solidos de la Zona Metropolitana de Co habamba

La zona metropolitana del departamento de Co habamba presenta una serie deproblemas so iales y ambientales a ausa de la mala gestion de los residuos solidos(RS) que se generan en esta region. La mayora de los muni ipios no uenta onun relleno sanitario ade uado y el servi io de re ogida tiene una obertura par ial.Para ontribuir a la solu ion de este problema, se plantea el on epto basi o deun sistema de gestion de RS para toda la zona metropolitana del departamentode Co habamba. Este sistema ontempla la separa ion en el origen de los RS endos fra iones: una fra ion organi a o humeda y el resto de los materiales o fra - ion se a. El sistema de re ogida transportara estos RS separados hasta entrosde transforma ion-re i la je-transferen ia, donde la parte organi a sera pro esadapara transformarla en ompost y la fra ion se a sera sometida a un pro eso dere upera ion manual de materiales. Se re uperara papel, arton, plasti os, vidrioy metales. De esta manera se lograra desviar una fra ion importante de los RSque tienen que ser vertidos en el relleno sanitario y se generara una fuente deingreso para el operador del sistema, situa ion que permitira redu ir los ostosdel servi io a la pobla ion. Los al ulos realizados muestran que se redu ira enun 46 % los requerimientos volumen y de terreno para el relleno sanitario, paraun perodo de a umula ion omprendido entre 2004-2030 (26 a~nos), pasando de14,5 millones de m3, en un es enario sin desvo de RS, a 7,92 millones de m3, sise apli a el sistema propuesto