Post-secular religious practices entering traditional religion

Nowadays we can observe complex interactions between the religious and secular spheres. Several different processes take place simultaneously: the traditionally religious elements function in the secular sphere as if they were part of secular culture; elements of the secular sphere build a specific kind of post-secular religiosity; finally, this post-secular religiosity influences traditional religions. This article focuses on the last stage of these changes. The author's purpose is to describe and interpret the practices we can observe. Because of the complexity of this issue, the analyses are limited to examples taken from the Catholic Church in Germany, where this process seems to be as popular as it is paradoxical. Catholicism realises that the post-secular forms of religiosity are very popular and that many people choose them instead of the traditional Church. It could offer them spirituality based on ages of experience. But instead of making its own spiritual tradition competitive on the spiritual market, Catholicism seems to offer Christianised post-secular goods, or its own traditional elements represented in a secularised form. It seems difficult to predict how it will all end. However, we observe an interesting encounter and interaction between an ‘old’ religion and a new religiosity, which will certainly have impact on further presence of the Church in the society

Integration of music and fine arts as child's mean of experiencing art

У статті обґрунтовується важливість естетичного виховання у житті людини. Нагалошується, що особливого значення воно набуває у процесі виховання дітей. Естетичне виховання за своєю суттю є процесом полі дисциплінарним та дозволяє досліджувати культурні процеси за допомогою різних органів чуття. Так, зокрема, інтеграція музики та образотворчого мистецтва не лише розвиває інтерес дитини до мистецтва, але й стає творчою захоплюючою діяльністю. Таким чином, процес естетичного виховання базується на спорідненості почуттів людини, поєднуючи їх. Інтеграція музики та зображувальної діяльності дає можливість дитині виявити аналогії і відмінності цих двох, локальних, на перший погляд, дисциплін. Такий тип освіти має результатом уміння дитини водночас інтегровано та відособлено сприймати творчий процес та мистецтво. Автор стверджує, що музика, інтегрована із образотворчим мистецтвом, є дієвим способом реалізації естетичного виховання.Aesthetic education plays an important role in every life. It is particularly significant in children education process. It comprises various art disciplines and allows a child to explore culture by means of different senses. Integration of music with visual arts not only develops child's interest in art, but also becomes a creative activity. Aesthetic education is using auditory and hearing feelings' similarities and connecting them allows a child to discover analogies and differences in forms of these two creative disciplines. This type of education allows a child to understand difficult terms. Music and visual arts become a way of realizing aesthetic education

Characteristics of Disease Spectrum in relation to Species, Serogroups, and Adhesion Ability of Motile Aeromonads in Fish

An attempt was made to delineate the relationship between of Aeromonas species and/or serogroups and specific disease symptoms in common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. The adhesion of Aeromonas strains to various tissues in relation to disease spectrum was also tested. All strains of A. hydrophila caused skin ulcers as well as septicaemia in both carp and trout while the other strains were able to cause only skin ulcers or some specific internal lesions with or without septicaemia depending on which species and/or serogroup they represented. Disease symptoms depended also on fish species. It was found that adhesion intensity of Aeromonas strains tested was significantly higher to tissues, which were susceptible to infection with these strains. The results indicate that adhesion to various cells of the fish organism is principal marker to detect virulent Aeromonas strains. The findings presented in this study may be helpful in the appraisal of aeromonads disease risk and kind of the infection in particular fish farms by epizootiological studies or/and during routine fish examinations. They will also be useful to improve and facilitate diagnosis of bacterial fish disease

Problematyka konfliktów społecznych w exposés polskich premierów z lat 2007–2017

Issues of Social Conflicts in Inauguration Speeches of Polish Prime Ministers in 2007–2017The article presents the assumptions and results of an analysis of the content of inauguration speeches of Polish Prime Ministers in 2007–2017: Donald Tusk (2007 and 2011), Ewa Kopacz (2014), Beata Szydło (2015) and Mateusz Morawiecki (2017). The aim of the study has been to answer the question whether and to what extent the issues of social conflicts were present in the speeches and what dispute resolution strategies were announced by the government. Social tensions were one of the leitmotifs of each of those speeches, mainly in the context of their negative impact on the effectiveness of public policy. The speeches often called for a reduction in rivalry both between political actors and between social groups. The need to overcome the crisis of citizens’ trust in state institutions was also ascribed great importance. In the face of social conflicts, the prime ministers announced that they would play the role of an “arbiter”, who would decide how particular resources would be distributed (more often), or a “negotiator”, who would conduct a partner dialogue with other social actors in order to reach a common agreement (less often). Problematyka konfliktów społecznych w exposés polskich premierów z lat 2007–2017Artykuł przedstawia założenia oraz wyniki analizy treści exposés polskich Prezesów Rady Ministrów z lat 2007–2017: Donalda Tuska (2007 i 2011), Ewy Kopacz (2014), Beaty Szydło (2015) i Mateusza Morawieckiego (2017), która służyła odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy i w jakim zakresie w wystąpieniach obecna była problematyka konfliktów społecznych oraz jakie strategie rozwiązywania sporów przez rząd były zapowiadane. Napięcia społeczne były jednym z motywów przewodnich każdego exposé, głównie w kontekście ich negatywnych skutków dla skuteczności polityki publicznej. W przemówieniach często pojawiały się apele o ograniczenie rywalizacji zarówno pomiędzy siłami politycznymi, jak i pomiędzy grupami społecznymi. Duże znaczenie przypisywano także konieczności przełamania kryzysu zaufania obywateli od instytucji państwowych. Wobec konfliktów społecznych premierzy zapowiadali pełnienie roli „arbitra” władczo rozstrzygającego, w jaki sposób przeprowadzona zostanie dystrybucja określonych zasobów (częściej), lub „negocjatora” prowadzącego partnerski dialog z innymi podmiotami społecznymi w celu wypracowania wspólnego porozumienia (rzadziej)