‘Stop calling me Murzyn’ – how Black Lives Matter in Poland

The scholarship on race and racism has tended to focus mostly on countries in Western Europe. It has thereby overlooked racial dynamics taking place in other regions – including Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This article examines the reverberations of the recent global antiracist mobilisation triggered by the killing of George Floyd in the United States in this underexplored context. Specifically, it considers the significance of the ‘Black Lives Matter’ (BLM) movement for Black people in Poland. Championed by the BLM movement, there have been demands for further reflection on racial inequalities in European societies, where many citizens in Europe’s West are beginning to engage with the impact of colonialism. The effect of George Floyd’s death has also reached unexpected places such as Poland, where Black communities have renewed their calls to reshape their representation in public discourse. We trace these mobilisations via our analysis of an online video discussion that unfolded under the hashtag #DontCallMeMurzyn. This article makes a case for the significance of concepts such as race and racism to our understanding of social relations in Poland; it shows, furthermore, how the BLM mobilisation has revived conversations about everyday racism and the representation of Black people in the public sphere

19 Radioterapia ziarnicy złośliwej u dzieci w materiale I Zakładu Teleradioterapii Centrum

W latach 1986–1998 w I Zakładzie Radioterapii Centrum Onkologii w Warszawie leczono 97 dzieci z rozpoznaniem ziarnicy złośliwej, w wieku od 2 do 18 lat. Ponad połowa pacjentów (58%) była powyżej 10 roku życia. Obserwowano znaczną przewagę chłopców M.:F = 1,77. Przeważali pacjenci w I i w II stopniu zaawansowania klinicznego (63%) i bez objawów ogólnych (62%). W rozpoznaniu histopatologicznym najczęstsza była postać NS (50%) i MC (31%).Wszystkie dzieci otrzymały leczenie chemiczne przed napromienianiem. U 71 zastosowano program B-POPA, u 18 COPP/OPPA, u pozostałych 9 inne schematy leczenia. Pacjenci byli napromieniani na teren pierwotnie zajętych okolic węzłowych, promieniami telekobaltu-60. Stosowano dawki od 20 do 36 Gy, przeważnie 25 Gy (u 65%).Obecnie żyje 91 pacjentów, zmarło jedno dziecko, 5 stracono z obserwacji. Osiemdziesięciu pacjentówzyje żyje bez nawrotu choroby. U żadnego z pozostających w obserwacji dzieci nie stwierdzono póżnych powikłań po napromienianiu

Influence of carbon on spin reorientation processes in Er 2-xRxFe14C (R = Gd, Pr) - Mossbauer and magnetometric studies

The Er2¡xRxFe14C (R=Gd, Pr) polycrystalline compounds have been synthesized and investigated with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The spin reorientation phenomena were studied extensively by narrow step temperature scanning in the neighborhood of the spin reorientation temperature. Obtained Mössbauer spectra were analyzed using a procedure of simultaneous fitting and the transmission integral approach. Consistent description of Mössbauer spectra were obtained, temperature and composition dependencies of hyperfine interaction parameters and subspectra contributions were derived from fits and the transition temperatures were determined for all the compounds studied. Initial magnetization versus temperature measurements (in zero and non-zero external field) for Er2¡xGdxFe14C compounds allowed to establish the temperature regions of reorientation, change of magnetization value during the transition process. The results obtained with different methods were analyzed and the spin arrangement diagrams were constructed. Data obtained for Er2¡xGdxFe14C were compared with those for Er2¡xGdxFe14B series

Comparison of circular- and linear-stapled gastrojejunostomy in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass : a multicenter study

Introduction : Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a common, well-established procedure, but no consensus regarding selection of the gastrojejunostomy (GJ) technique has been reached, and standardization of this precise technique is far from being achieved. Aim : To compare circular-stapled and linear-stapled GJ in LRYGB in terms of operative time and postoperative complications. Material and methods: This retrospective case-control study compared the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of LRYGB with a circular-stapled (LRYGB-CS) versus linear-stapled (LRYGB-LS) gastrojejunostomy. All patients, operated on in two academic referral care centers for bariatric surgery, were enrolled from April 2013 to June 2016. 457 patients were included (255 and 202 respectively in the LRYGB-CS and LRYGB-LS groups). After matching the groups for age, sex, body mass index, arterial hypertension, and presence of type 2 diabetes in a 1 : 1 ratio, 99 patients were enrolled in each. Results : The total operative time was longer in the LRYGB-LS group (140 vs. 85 min, p < 0.001). The postoperative hemorrhage and wound infection rates were lower in the LRYGB-LS group (2.1% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.021, and 1.0% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.011). The readmission rates were comparable (8.2% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.593). There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastrojejunostomy leakage, stricture, port-site hernia, or marginal ulcer. Conclusions : Both anastomosis types for LRYGB are safe and have low and comparable risks of postoperative complications. After LRYGB-CS, postoperative bleeding and wound infections are slightly more frequent; however, the operative time is shorter

High self-selection of Ukrainian refugees into Europe: Evidence from Kraków and Vienna

Almost eight million Ukrainians have fled their country to escape the Russian full-scale invasion. To provide empirical evidence on how beneficiaries of temporary protection who reside in the immediate proximity of Ukraine differ from those who went further and reside in Western European countries, two large-scale rapid-response surveys were conducted in Kraków, Poland, and Vienna, Austria, in spring 2022. Data include information on socio-demographic characteristics, human capital, and return intentions of 472 and 1,094 adult Ukrainian refugees in Poland and Austria, respectively. Contributing to the growing empirical evidence on consistent assortative patterns in refugee inflows into Europe, our findings show that regularities in patterns of self-selection also occur in forced migration contexts where legal routes to safety apply. According to the analysed convenience sample, a tentative conclusion is that the further Ukrainian refugees moved to the West, the more self-selected they tend to be in the key dimensions of formal educational attainment, previous employment, language skills, and urbanity. Results indicate that willingness to stay in Kraków is significantly lower than willingness to remain in Vienna. This suggests that public financial support and living conditions, rather than diaspora networks, are decisive factors in shaping the decision to stay, move to another location or return to Ukraine. The aim to start a new life elsewhere may drive the motivation to choose a more distant destination instead of a neighboring country that allows to return rather quickly. Host countries should be aware of these specific characteristics of their refugee populations and adapt their integration policies accordingly