Erosión y crisis de la vida universitaria. Palabras e imágenes de las y los estudiantes sobre su formación en el Grado de Maestro/a

El texto describe parte del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación que indaga en las imágenes y percepciones que las y los estudiantes de Grado de Maestro/a proyectan de la Universidad a partir de su experiencia formativa. Analiza la relación entre institución universitaria y vida universitaria atendiendo al modo en que las y los estudiantes hablan de cómo experimentan su relación con el saber, con el aprendizaje y de cómo viven y han vivido las relaciones humanas e institucionales

Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People : A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship that frailty has with nutritional status and functional risk factors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older people, independent for walking and without impaired cognition. Frailty was assessed by Fried criteria. Nutritional status was analyzed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), biochemical markers (albumin, total proteins, cholesterol, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin); and anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, handgrip, and perimeters). A comprehensive geriatric assessment analyzed other risk factors: functionality, cognition, falls, comorbidity, polypharmacy, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL). Results: We included 564 elderly people with a mean age of 76.05 (standard deviation 3.97) years; 63.1% (n = 356) were women, and 83.9% (n = 473) were prefrail, and frail. The sample presented high functionality and a nutritional status with a predominance of overweight and obesity. Factors associated with frailty (R2 = 0.43) were age over 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76, 6.21; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24, 4.52; p = 0.009), anemia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.19, 5.02; p = 0.015), falls (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12, 3.25; p = 0.016) and the fear of falling (OR 4.01: 95% CI 1.76, 9.16; p = 0.001). Performing more than 3 weekly hours of physical activity was found to be a protective factor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The relationship between frailty and malnutrition in functionally independent community-dwelling older people is unclear. More studies are needed to know what nutritional markers are related to frailty, cognition, and functionality in order to discriminate the risk factors for community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition and dependency

Knowledge and Attitudes towards Palliative Care : Validation of the Spanish Version of Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia

Background: Palliative care is essential in the care of people with advanced dementia, due to the increasing number of patients requiring care in the final stages of life. Nurses need to acquire specific knowledge and skills to provide quality palliative care. The questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD) is useful for assessing knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care, but its adaptation to the Spanish language and analysis of its effectiveness and usefulness for the Spanish culture is lacking. Objective: To report on the Spanish language adaptation and psychometric analysis of the qPAD. Methods: The Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia Spanish version (qPAD-SV) was obtained from a process that included translation, back-translation, comparison with other language versions, expert review, and pilot study. Content validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were analyzed. The difficulty and discrimination indices of items composing the knowledge subscale were also calculated. Results: Adequate content validity index obtained after the analysis of qPAD-SV by a heterogeneous group of experts was found (overall CVI = 0.96; 0.95 for the Knowledge subscale and 0.99 for the Attitudes subscale). Significant correlations with the Palliative Care Knowledge test (rho = 0.368, p < 0.001) and Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (rho = 0.621, p < 0.001) show an adequate criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Knowledge subscale (0.60) and the Attitudes subscale (0.91) supported the reliability of the qPAD-SV. The questionnaire had an overall difficulty index of 0.71, with three items that could be considered difficult or very difficult, and eleven items that could be considered very easy. Discussion: Although it shows internal consistency, validity, and difficulty indices similar to those obtained by qPAD versions in other languages, a reformulation of the items with lower content validity or discrimination indices and those that show difficulties in their comprehension is an aspect to be taken into account to improve this tool. Conclusions: The qPAD-SV is a useful instrument in Spanish to measure the knowledge of Spanish nurses in palliative care and is suitable for international comparisons

Changes in Salivary amylase and glucose in diabetes : a scoping review

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common long-term disease which can be related with salivary amylase levels. DM has recently been associated with salivary amylase diagnostics that could further impair diagnoses in the diabetic population, as well as being an interesting alternative to traditional methods of determine glucose levels. The main advantage of this method is related to the fact that it is a fast diagnostic method. The DM population experiences changes to their metabolism which affects their salivary parameters, making this an alternative procedure for diagnosis and follow-up of the illness due to the non-invasive nature of salivary analyzes. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the changes in salivary amylase and glucose levels, and their relationship with blood markers of glycemic control used in clinical settings such as blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The differences in salivary amylase levels depending on the method of saliva collection under fasting or non-fasting conditions. The changes in salivary amylase depends on the type of diabetes, the type of insulin treatment or the quality of glycemic control. Conclusions: Salivary amylase concentration is increased in diabetic patients in most of the studies and salivary glucose concentration in all studies in both fasting and non-fasting (post-prandial) conditions. Salivary amylase and glucose concentration represent potential non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate glycemic control and clinical management of diabetic patients, although it is necessary to evaluate the influence of potential modulating factors such as age, duration diseases, sex and the effects of pharmacological treatments in these outcomes which remained to be elucidated

Relationship between the risk of falling and prescribed medication in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Abstract Introduction: The risk of falling increases with age. A third of the population over 65 has one or more falls per year. Objetive: to know the relationship between drug prescription and falls in the elderly. Materials and Methods: a study was carried out through a community intervention in individuals ≥ 70 years of age. Results: The sample was composed of 249 participants, 160 women (64%), with a mean age of 74.47 years (SD 5.33). During the 12 months prior to the study, the mean of falls per person was 0.5 (SD 0.94), the mean of the risk factors was 2.73 (SD 1.4) and the mean of the medication prescribed was 4.2 (SD 3.0). The percentage of the reduction of falls after the study was 12%. The amount of medication prescribed correlated with the incidence of falls before and after the study, r=0.193, p=0.002 y r2=0.170, p=0.009, respectively. Prior to the study, the individuals who were prescribed beta-blockers and antidepressants, had a fall incidence of 0.74 (SD 1.14) and 1.22 (SD 1.09), respectively, however after the intervention there was no relationship between drug prescription and falls. Conclusions: the fall prevention community program was effective since it prevented the negative effects of medication on falls. An interdisciplinary community intervention reduces the global incidence of falls and the incidence of falls related to some specific medication

Fear of Falling Score Is a Predictor of Falls in Community-Dwelling Pre-Frail and Frail Older People

Identifying frail older people at risk of falling is a priority in order to apply preventive strategies. This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling pre-frail and frail people (Fried’s criteria) aged 70 years and older to assess the prevalence of falls and identify screening strategies based on comprehensive geriatric assessments to detect an increased risk of falling and recurrent falling in community-dwelling frail and pre-frail old people. Of the 229 participants, 121 (54.9%) had fallen in the previous 12 months, and 20 of these (16.5%) were recurrent fallers (≥2 falls). A score of 20 points or more on the Falls Efficacy Scale International was predictive of falling (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.74, p < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 51.7% and a specificity of 73.9%. Polypharmacy, Short Physical Performance Battery score of 8 points or less, and Falls Efficacy Scale International score of 20 points or more show an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.89, p < 0.001) for recurrent falling.Medicin

Assessing quality of life with SarQol is useful in screening for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older women

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be impaired in the presence of sarcopenia. Since a specific quality of life questionnaire became available for sarcopenia (SarQol), cutoffs to screen for this condition have been proposed, prompting the need to assess them in different populations. Due to the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria, the tool has not yet been analyzed in screening for sarcopenic obesity. The aim is to measure the SarQoL’s metric properties and establish a cutoff in QoL assessments that could be used along the diagnostic pathway for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older women.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad digital, Valencia, Spain [Grant number GV/2020/071] and University of Valencia (Grant UV-19-INV_AE19).Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Resistance training of peripheral muscles benefits respiratory parameters in older women with sarcopenia: Randomized controlled trial

Ageing entails a decrease in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which also affects respiratory function. Physical exercise is an appropriate intervention to treat both conditions. This study aims to assess the efficacy of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical parameters of respiratory function and health-related quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling older women with sarcopenia.Medicin

In vitro assessment of the photo(geno)toxicity associated with Lapatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor

[EN] The epidermal growth factor receptors EGFR and HER2 are the main targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The quinazoline derivative lapatinib (LAP) is used since 2007 as dual TKI in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and currently, it is used as an oral anticancer drug for the treatment of solid tumors such as breast and lung cancer. Although hepatotoxicity is its main side effect, it makes sense to investigate the ability of LAP to induce photosensitivity reactions bearing in mind that BRAF (serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf) inhibitors display a considerable phototoxic potential and that afloqualone, a quinazoline-marketed drug, causes photodermatosis. Metabolic bioactivation of LAP by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 leads to chemically reactiveN-dealkylated (N-LAP) andO-dealkylated (O-LAP) derivatives. In this context, the aim of the present work is to explore whether LAP and itsN- andO-dealkylated metabolites can induce photosensitivity disorders by evaluating their photo(geno)toxicity through in vitro studies, including cell viability as well as photosensitized protein and DNA damage. As a matter of fact, our work has demonstrated that not only LAP, but also its metaboliteN-LAP have a clear photosensitizing potential. They are both phototoxic and photogenotoxic to cells, as revealed by the 3T3 NRU assay and the comet assay, respectively. By contrast, theO-LAP does not display relevant photobiological properties. Remarkably, the parent drug LAP shows the highest activity in membrane phototoxicity and protein oxidation, whereasN-LAP is associated with the highest photogenotoxicity, through oxidation of purine bases, as revealed by detection of 8-Oxo-dG.This study was funded by the Carlos III Institute (ISCIII) of Health (Grants: PI16/01877, CPII16/00052, ARADyAL RD16/0006/0030) co-funded by European Regional Development Fund, the Spanish Government (RYC-2015-17737, CTQ2017-89416-R,) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2017/075). We would also like to thank IIS La Fe Microscopy Unit for technical assistance.García-Laínez, G.; Vayá Pérez, I.; Marín, MP.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Andreu Ros, MI. (2021). In vitro assessment of the photo(geno)toxicity associated with Lapatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor. Archives of Toxicology. 95(1):169-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02880-6S16917895

Improved Nutritional Knowledge in the Obese AdultPopulation Modifies Eating Habits and Serum andAnthropometric Markers

Multicomponent lifestyle interventions achieve good results in the management of obesity among the adult population. However, their implementation in certain populations poses difficulties. A good level of nutritional knowledge enables people to make changes in their diet that improve their health. This study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional parameters such as dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and biomarkers. A before-after, non-randomized interventional study involving a two-monthly nutritional educational intervention was carried out over 8 months. Anthropometric and biomarker data were collected, and nutritional knowledge was evaluated using the Bach questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The study comprised 66 overweight and obese adults with mean age of 50.23 years. Females predominated (84.8%). At the end of the intervention, nutritional knowledge increased significantly, with a significant reduction in the consumption of sweets, soft drinks, high-fat products, and processed meats, and an increase in the intake of lean meat and poultry. A 3% decrease in body weight was observed. An intervention for the management of obesity in the adult population based on nutritional education achieves weight loss, modifications in eating habits and reduction of fat intake. Increased nutritional knowledge is associated with healthier eating habits and a decreased cardiovascular risk.Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirMedicin