Proteomic Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Epimastigotes Subjected to Heat Shock

Trypanosoma cruzi is exposed to sudden temperature changes during its life cycle. Adaptation to these variations is crucial for parasite survival, reproduction, and transmission. Some of these conditions may change the pattern of genetic expression of proteins involved in homeostasis in the course of stress treatment. In the present study, the proteome of T. cruzi epimastigotes subjected to heat shock and epimastigotes grow normally was compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry for protein identification. Twenty-four spots differing in abundance were identified. Of the twenty-four changed spots, nineteen showed a greater intensity and five a lower intensity relative to the control. Several functional categories of the identified proteins were determined: metabolism, cell defense, hypothetical proteins, protein fate, protein synthesis, cellular transport, and cell cycle. Proteins involved in the interaction with the cellular environment were also identified, and the implications of these changes are discussed

Página de reclutamiento de personal institución-empresa.

Este proyecto se realizó, ya que no tenía la facultad algún sistema en donde te pudieras postular para alguna vacante. Se manejaba solo por anuncios impresos en papel, pero esto no era de mucha ayuda ya que no todos se enteraban que vacantes había. Las empresa de dirigían directamente con el maestro y el profesor tenía que buscar alumnos que cumplieran estos requisitos

Factores familiares que inciden en el trabajo infantil de alto riesgo: niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad que trabajan en la terminal de buses de la ciudad de León, que son atendidos por el proyecto Mary Barreda en el periodo comprendido de agosto 2013 a febrero del 2014

Tesis (Lic. en Trabajo Social)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

(p)ppGpp-Dependent Regulation of the Nucleotide Hydrolase PpnN Confers Complement Resistance in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium

The stringent response is an essential mechanism of metabolic reprogramming during environmental stress that is mediated by the nucleotide alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate [(p)ppGpp]. In addition to physiological adaptations, (p)ppGpp also regulates virulence programs in pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. S. Typhimurium is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis, but it may also spread to systemic tissues, resulting in severe clinical outcomes. During infection, S. Typhimurium encounters a broad repertoire of immune defenses that it must evade for successful host infection. Here, we examined the role of the stringent response in S. Typhimurium resistance to complement-mediated killing and found that the (p)ppGpp synthetase-hydrolase, SpoT, is required for bacterial survival in human serum. We identified the nucleotide hydrolase, PpnN, as a target of the stringent response that is required to promote bacterial fitness in serum. Using chromatography and mass spectrometry, we show that PpnN hydrolyzes purine and pyrimidine monophosphates to generate free nucleobases and ribose 5′-phosphate, and that this metabolic activity is required for conferring resistance to complement killing. In addition to PpnN, we show that (p)ppGpp is required for the biosynthesis of the very long and long O-antigen in the outer membrane, known to be important for complement resistance. Our results provide new insights into the role of the stringent response in mediating evasion of the innate immune system by pathogenic bacteria

The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis

This thesis is focused on the existing data referring to role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of several important diseases. It introduces mitochondrial proteins, their role and metabolism, dysfunction of which is behind pathogenetic processes. The thesis also summarizes possible mitochondrial damage, its progress and consequences, which can lead to diseases or aggravate their process. It also pays attention to the role of mitochondria during oncogenesis as well as important neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or autosomal dominant optic atrophy. The thesis mentions the role of disrupted mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 Diabetes. In conclusion the thesis mentions the role of mitochondria and their damage in relation to infection by the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi