Glory revealed in disk-integrated photometry of Venus

Context. Reflected light from a spatially unresolved planet yields unique insight into the overall optical properties of the planet cover. Glories are optical phenomena caused by light that is backscattered within spherical droplets following a narrow distribution of sizes; they are well known on Earth as localised features above liquid clouds. Aims. Here we report the first evidence for a glory in the disk-integrated photometry of Venus and, in turn, of any planet. Methods. We used previously published phase curves of the planet that were reproduced over the full range of phase angles with model predictions based on a realistic description of the Venus atmosphere. We assumed that the optical properties of the planet as a whole can be described by a uniform and stable cloud cover, an assumption that agrees well with observational evidence. Results. We specifically show that the measured phase curves mimic the scattering properties of the Venus upper-cloud micron-sized aerosols, also at the small phase angles at which the glory occurs, and that the glory contrast is consistent with what is expected after multiple scattering of photons. In the optical, the planet appears to be brighter at phase angles of 11-13 deg than at full illumination; it undergoes a maximum dimming of up to 10 percent at phases in between. Conclusions. Glories might potentially indicate spherical droplets and, thus, extant liquid clouds in the atmospheres of exoplanets. A prospective detection will require exquisite photometry at the small planet-star separations of the glory phase angles.Comment: In press. Astronomy & Astrophysics. Letter to the Editor; 201

La comunicación directiva interna en las agencias de publicidad españolas

La comunicación interna en las empresas se ha configurado como uno de los activos estratégicos clave para la gestión. En este contexto adquiere especial relevancia la comunicación que los directivos mantienen con sus empleados. En este trabajo se analizan las acciones de comunicación de directivos de agencias de publicidad con el objetivo de obtener conclusiones sobre dos tipos de cuestiones. En primer lugar se analiza cómo los directivos de estas empresas gestionan y coordinan la comunicación con sus públicos internos analizando una serie de variables. En segundo lugar se analiza el modo en que se presentan algunas dimensiones de la comunicación en las interacciones del directivo. Se estudian las dimensiones formal e informal y la relacional. El trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante la elaboración de entrevistas personales basadas en un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas a una selección de directivos de las principales agencias de publicidad en España.Internal communication in companies has become one of the key strategic assets for management. In this context, the communication that managers maintain with their employees acquires special relevance. This paper analyses the communication actions of advertising agencies' managers with the object to draw conclusions about two kinds of questions. First of all, it examines how company executives manage and coordinate communication with their internal audience, through studying a series of variables. Secondly, it considers the way certain aspects of communication are presented in the executive's interactions. It studies both formal and informal dimensions as well as the relationship aspects. The research was carried out by means of personal interviews to a selection of executives of the main advertising agencies of Spain, based on a questionnaire of closed questions

Utilidad de la electromiografía en el diagnóstico de la radiculopatía por hernia discal

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilidad de la electromiografía en el diagnóstico de radiculopatía por hernia discal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional analítico de pruebas diagnósticas. Participaron 231 pacientes con cuadro clínico sugerente o compatible con radiculopatía por hernia discal, elegidos mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, todos ellos atendidos en el Hospital de Alta Complejidad Virgen de la Puerta durante el periodo 2015 – 2018 en quienes se realizó estudio diagnóstico mediante resonancia magnética y electromiografía; la información fue recolectada de los registros en las historias clínicas. Todos ellos cumplieron con los criterios para ingresar al estudio, los intervalos de confianza se estimaron al 95%. RESULTADOS: Se estimó que la electromiografía presenta una sensibilidad de 84,21% (78,08% - 90,34% IC), especificidad de 78,48% (68,79% - 88,18% IC), valor predictivo positivo de 88,28% (82,69% - 93,86%), valor predictivo negativo de 72,09% (62,03% - 82,15%), razón de probabilidad positiva de 3,91, razón de probabilidad negativa de 0,20 y exactitud del 82,25%. CONCLUSIÓN: La electromiografía es útil en el diagnóstico de radiculopatía por hernia discal, con una exactitud diagnóstica de 82,25%.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of electromyography in the diagnosis of radiculopathy due to herniated disc. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analytical observational study of diagnostic test. Patients with a clinical picture suggestive or compatible with radiculopathy due to herniated disc were studied, who were treated at the Hospital de Alta Complejidad Virgen de la Puerta during the period 2015 - 2018 in whom a diagnostic study was performed using magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography; The information was collected from the records in the clinical history of these patients. A total of 231 study subjects were included who met the criteria for entering the study, chosen by simple random sampling. RESULTS: Electromyography was estimated to have a sensitivity of 84.21% (78.08% - 90.34%), specificity of 78.48% (68.79% - 88.18%), positive predictive value of 88, 28% (82.69% - 93.86%), negative predictive value of 72.09% (62.03% - 82.15%), positive probability ratio of 3.91, negative probability ratio of 0, 20 and accuracy of 82.25% (confidence intervals were estimated at 95%). CONCLUSION: Electromyography is useful in the diagnosis of radiculopathy due to herniated disc, with a diagnostic accuracy of 82.25%.Tesi

Absentismo laboral del personal de enfermería de los hospitales valencianos

SummaryA survey was carried out on a sample of 973 nurses from hospitals in the Valencian Region. The objective was to study work absenteeism due to health reasons depending on socio-demographic factors, work organization and self percepti on of health status. Information was collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Duration and frequency of absenteeism was analysed over the previous twelve months. A 34.4% of female nurses and 35.4% of male nurses reported at least one episode, with an average length of21 and26 days respectively. There is a relation between absenteeism and self-perception of health status. We did not find man/woman differences with regards to absenteeism

Temporal and spatial variations of the absolute reflectivity of Jupiter and Saturn from 0.38 to 1.7 μ\mum with PlanetCam-UPV/EHU

We provide measurements of the absolute reflectivity of Jupiter and Saturn along their central meridians in filters covering a wide range of visible and near-infrared wavelengths (from 0.38 to 1.7 $\mu$m) that are not often presented in the literature. We also give measurements of the geometric albedo of both planets and discuss the limb-darkening behavior and temporal variability of their reflectivity values for a period of four years (2012-2016). This work is based on observations with the PlanetCam-UPV/EHU instrument at the 1.23 m and 2.2 m telescopes in Calar Alto Observatory (Spain). The instrument simultaneously observes in two channels: visible (VIS; 0.38-1.0 $\mu$m) and short-wave infrared (SWIR; 1.0--1.7 $\mu$m). We obtained high-resolution observations via the lucky-imaging method. We show that our calibration is consistent with previous independent determinations of reflectivity values of these planets and, for future reference, provide new data extended in the wavelength range and in the time. Our results have an uncertainty in absolute calibration of 10--20\%. We show that under the hypothesis of constant geometric albedo, we are able to detect absolute reflectivity changes related to planetary temporal evolution of about 5-10\%.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures, (in press

Multilayer hazes over Saturn’s hexagon from Cassini ISS limb images

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Hazes and clouds in a singular triple vortex in Saturn's atmosphere from HST/WFC3 multispectral imaging

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Características clínicas, epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de la onicomicosis en un laboratorio de referencia, Manizales (Caldas), 2009

ResumenObjetivoEstablecer las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de la onicomicosis en pacientes mayores de 16 años de Manizales.MétodoSe llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 232 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de onicomicosis, remitidos de los diferentes centros de atención de Manizales en el año 2009. Se recolectaron las muestras y se hizo examen directo en KOH al 20 % y en dimetil-sulfóxido al 36 %, cultivo en agar Sabouraud y agar Sabouraud con antibióticos, en todos los casos. Se identificaron los 146 aislamientos obtenidos con métodos específicos para dermatofitos, levaduras y mohos.ResultadosLa presentación más frecuente fue la forma distal de la enfermedad, la cual se asoció con mayor frecuencia a calzado oclusivo y predominio del sexo femenino; el número de casos de lesiones ungulares indicativas de onicomicosis fue menor en mayores de 70 años de edad; los agentes más frecuentemente aislados fueron Trichophyton rubrum (26,7 %), Fusarium spp. (14,4%), T. mentagrophytes (11 %), Candida tropicalis (11 %), Candida krusei (6 %) y Geotrichum candidum (6 %).ConclusionesLa onicomicosis es más frecuente en las mujeres de Manizales. Hay una alta frecuencia de aislamientos de hongos no dermatofitos. Trichophyton rubrum fue el hongo dermatofito más frecuentemente aislado. La frecuencia de personas con examen directo o cultivo positivo es mayor de 70 % en todos los grupos de edad, y la edad no se encontró como un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad.AbstractIntroductionOnychomycosis is the leading cause of nail disease and represents 30% of superficial fungal infections. The fungi that cause the condition vary according to geographic location and individual risk factors. Even with the identification of the causative agent, the treatment failure rate is high.ObjectiveTo establish the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological causes of onychomycosis in patients over 16 years old in the city of Manizales.Materials and methodsA prospective descriptive study in 232 patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis sent from different medical centers of Manizales in 2009. A sample collection, direct examination with KOH 20% and dimethyl sulfoxide 36%, culture in Saboreaud agar with antibiotics in all cases were performed. Identification was done for the 146 obtained isolates with specific methods for dermatophytes, yeasts and molds.ResultsThe most common presentation of the disease was the distal; the disease is more commonly associated with occlusive footwear, for females. The clinical manifestations was the type subungual distal in patients over 70 years old; the most frequently isolated agents were Trichophyton rubrum (26.7%), Fusarium spp (14.4%), T. mentagrophytes (11%), Candida tropicalis (11%), Candida krusei (6%) and Geotrichum candidum (6%).ConclusionsThere was a female predominance of onychomycosis in Manizales and a the high frequency of non-dermatophyte fungi; T. rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte; the frequency of patients with KOH or positive culture is higher than 70% in all age groups. It was found that age is not a risk factor for the disease