QSAR Study for Macromolecular RNA Folded Secondary Structures of Mycobacterial Promoters with Low Sequence Homology

The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session Computational ChemistryThe general belief is that quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) techniques work only for small molecules and, proteins sequences or, more recently, DNA sequences. However, with non-branched graph for proteins and DNA sequences the QSAR often have to be based on powerful non-linear techniques such as support vector machines. In our opinion linear QSAR models based in RNA could be useful to assign biological activity when alignment techniques fail due to low sequence homology. The idea bases in the high level of branching for the RNA graph. This work introduces the so called Markov electrostatic potentials k?M as a new class of RNA 2D-structure descriptors. Subsequently, we validate these molecular descriptors solving a QSAR classification problem for mycobacterial promoter sequences (mps), which constitute a very low sequence homology problem. The model developed (mps = –4.664·0cM + 0.991·1cM – 2.432) was intended to predict whether a naturally occurring sequence is an mps or not on the basis of the calculated kcM value for the corresponding RNA secondary structure. The RNAQSAR approach recognises 115/135 mps (85.2%) and 100% of control sequences. Average predictability and robustness were greater than 95%. A previous non-linear model predicts mps with slightly higher accuracy (97%) but uses a very large parameter space for DNA sequences. Conversely, the kcM-based RNA-QSAR encodes more structural information and needs only two variablesGonzález-Díaz, H. thanks the Xunta de Galicia (BTF20301PR) for partial financial suppor

Main Reproductive Indicators and Environmental Factors that Affect Siboney and Mambi de Cuba Cows at a Breeding Company in Central Cuba

Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Mambí de Cuba from six different herds, and 260 Siboney de Cuba from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Mambi de Cuba, whereas Siboney de Cuba influenced the CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, calving year, and calving quarter.  Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Mambí de Cuba from six different herds, and 260 Siboney de Cuba from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Mambi de Cuba, whereas Siboney de Cuba influenced the CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, calving year, and calving quarter

Reproductive Behavior of Zebu and 5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental Genotypes in Central Cuba Locations

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the reproductive behavior of female Zebu and 5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental on a genetic farm in the central region of Cuba. The research was made between 2010 and 2014. The individual records of 255 cows; 200 Zebus (106 white and 94 bermeja) and 55 crossbreds (5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental) were included. The calving-first insemination interval (CFII), calving-gestation interval (SP), inter-calving period (CCI), and service per gestation (S/G) were calculated. Besides, the effects of genotype, parity, quarter and calving year were evaluated using the above indicators. The descriptive statistics were estimated, and a general linear model was used to determine the effects of each variation source. The three genotypes showed low reproductive efficiency, though slightly more favorable for 5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental. The CFII, SP, and CCI were influenced (P <0.05) by the calving year, genotype, and parity, whereas SP was influenced by the calving quarter only (P <0.05). The gestation service was not affected by any factor. It was concluded that the three genotypes studied underwent severe deterioration of reproductive indicators, influenced by the genotype, quarter, calving year, and parity

Efecto de la suplementación parenteral del cobre sobre la ganancia de peso de toros en ceba

Objective. In order to evaluate the effect of copper parenteral supplementation on cupremia and weight gain in fattening bulls. Materials and methods. Fifty animals hybrids holstein and zebu were selected, with 18-20 months of age, 210 - 220 kg body weight, clinically healthy and in a system of intensive fattening. Two groups of 25 animals were divided, one control and another supplemented with 50 mg of intravenous Cu every 2 months to complete 3 applications; hemochemical indicators and weight gain were evaluated. The variables were compared using the t-Student test for independent samples and growth curves its parameters were determined. Results. Cu supplementation increased (p<0.001) the cupremia, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and (p<0.01) the average daily gain and the weight of the bulls, with increases in weight between .86 y 9.54 % for the treated group. Final Live weight (446 and 586 kg) and average daily gain (534 and 684 g/d) in control and treated group, respectively, were higher in the supplemented animals with Cu. Conclusions. The parenteral suplementation of 50 mg of Cu increased serum levels of Cu, hemoglobin, hematocrit and live weight gain in fattening bulls.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación del cobre por vía parenteral sobre la cupremia y ganancia de peso en toros en ceba. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 50 animales mestizos Holstein x Cebú con 18 a 20 meses de edad, 210-220 kg de peso vivo, clínicamente sanos y en un sistema de ceba intensiva. Se dividieron 2 grupos de 25 animales, uno control y otro suplementado con 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral cada 2 meses hasta completar 3 aplicaciones; se evaluaron los indicadores hematoquímicos y la ganancia de peso. Las variables se compararon mediante la prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes y se determinaron las curvas de crecimiento y sus parámetos. Resultados. La suplementación con Cu incrementó (p<0.001) la cupremia, la hemoglobina y el hematocrito y (p<0.01) la ganancia media diaria y el peso vivo de los toros, con incrementos del mismo entre el 4.86 y 9.54 %,a favor del grupo tratado. El peso vivo final (446 y 586 kg) y la ganancia media diaria de peso (534 y 684 g/d) en los grupo control y tratado, respectivamente, son superiores en los animales suplementados con Cu. Conclusiones. La suplementación parenteral de 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral incrementó los niveles séricos de Cu, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y la ganancia de peso en toros en ceba

Principales indicadores reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba

Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Cuban Mambí from six different herds, and 260 Cuban Siboney from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Cuban Mambí, whereas Cuban Siboney influenced CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, and calving year and quarter.Antecedentes: La heredabilidad de los rasgos relacionados con la producción lechera, reproducción y longevidad fue estudiada ampliamente en la década pasada; sin embargo, los factores ambientales y el manejo inadecuado determinan la eficiencia del comportamiento reproductivo y productivo. Por ello, se evaluaron los principales indicadores reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba en una empresa genética de la región central de Cuba. Métodos: Se procesaron 618 registros individuales, 358 de hembras del genotipo racial Mambí, de seis rebaños y 260 del Siboney de Cuba, de cuatro unidades; entre los años 2007 y 2010. Se determinaron los intervalos parto-primer servicio de inseminación (IPPS), intervalo parto-gestación (IPG) e intervalo parto-parto (IPP). Fueron estimados los efectos de los diferentes factores sobre los indicadores reproductivos utilizando un modelo lineal general. Resultados: El factor unidad influyó significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPG e IPP para ambos genotipos. El año de parto tuvo un efecto significativo (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPP e IPG, comportándose con mejores resultados los años 2009 y 2010. El trimestre de parto que mejor se comportó para los indicadores reproductivos evaluados, fue el de julio-agosto-septiembre, influyendo significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPP e IPG, en el Mambí de Cuba; mientras que en el Siboney de Cuba lo hacía sobre el IPPS. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los dos genotipos tienen marcado deterioro de los indicadores reproductivos evaluados, influenciados significativamente por la unidad y el año y trimestre de parto

Comportamiento reproductivo de los genotipos Cebú y 5/8 Cebú x 3/8 Simmental en la región central de Cuba

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the reproductive behavior of female Zebú and 5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental on a genetic farm in the central region of Cuba. The research was made between 2010 and 2014. The individual records of 255 cows; 200 Zebus (106 White and 94 Bermeja) and 55 crossbreds (5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental) were included. The calving-first insemination interval (CFI) and calving-gestation interval (CGI), inter-calving period (ICP), and service per gestation (S/G) were calculated. Besides, the effects of genotype, parity, quarter and year of calving were evaluated using the above indicators. The descriptive stratigraphy was calculated, and a general linear model was used to determine the effects of each variation source. The three genotypes showed low reproductive efficiency, though slightly more favorable for 5/8 Zebu x 3/8 Simmental. The calving year, genotype, and parity influenced (P < 0.05) the CFI, CGI, and ICP. The calving quarter only influenced (P < 0.05) the CGI. The gestation service was not influenced by any factor. It was concluded that the three genotypes studied underwent high deterioration of reproductive indicators, influenced by the genotype, quarter, calving year, and parity.El objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento reproductivo de hembras de los genotipos Cebú y 5/8 Cebú x 3/8 Simmental en una granja genética de la región central de Cuba. La investigación se desarrolló entre los años 2010 y 2014. Se consideraron 255 registros individuales de vacas; 200 y 55 hembras de los genotipos Cebú (106 de la variedad blanca y 94 bermeja) y 55 del 5/8 Cebú x 3/8 Simmental, respectivamente. Se calcularon los intervalos parto-primera inseminación (IPPS), parto-gestación (IPG) y periodo interpartal (IPP) y servicios por gestación (S/G). Además, se evaluaron los efectos del genotipo, la paridad, el trimestre y año del parto sobre los indicadores antes mencionados. Se calcularon los estadígrafos descriptivos de los indicadores y para determinar el efecto de cada fuente de variación sobre ellos se empleó un modelo lineal general. Existió baja eficiencia reproductiva en los tres genotipos, con una situación más favorable en el 5/8 Cebú x 3/8 Simmental. El año de parto, el genotipo y la paridad influyeron (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPG e IPP. El trimestre de parto solo influyó (P < 0,05) sobre el IPG. Ningún factor tuvo influencia sobre los servicios por gestación. Se concluye que en los tres genotipos estudiados existió un marcado deterioro de los indicadores reproductivos, influenciados por el genotipo, trimestre, año del parto y paridad

Aceite esencial de orégano (Origanum vulgare L) y sexo como factores en la respuesta productiva en pollos de engorde

Background: The utilization of essential oil from oregano is a viable alternative to promote growth, which can be used in the diet of birds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding essential oils from oregano (EOO) in the diet, and sex, on the productive performance of broilers. Methods: A total of 400 one-day old Cobb 500®, were used. The animals were distributed in five treatments (T1- control without additives; T2- 300 mg/kg of bacitracine zinc; T3- 100 mg/kg of EOO; T4- 200 mg/kg of EOO; and T5- 300 mg/kg of EOO), with four repetitions regarding live weight, accumulated weight gain, food consumption, food conversion, and carcass yield, in the two sexes. Results: Live weight, weight gain, and food conversion were influenced (P<0.05) by the treatments; T5 showed the best results. The males had the best averages. An interaction (P<0.05) was observed between the treatments and sexm, in relation to live weight, weight gain, and accumulated food consumption. Sex had a significant influence (P<0.05) on breast and quarter yields. Conclusions: The inclusion of essential oil from oregano in the diet of chickens, along with sex, had a positive effect on variables live weight, weight gain, and accumulated food consumption.Antecedentes: El uso de aceite esencial de orégano es una alternativa viable en las dietas de aves, como promotor de crecimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de aceites esenciales de orégano (AEO) en la dieta alimenticia y el sexo sobre el comportamiento productivo del pollo de engorde. Métodos: Se utilizaron 400 pollos de un día de edad de la línea genética Cobb 500®, distribuidos en cinco tratamientos (T1- Control sin aditivo; T2- 300 mg/kg de Zinc Bacitracina; T3- 100 mg/kg de AOE; T4- 200 mg/kg de AEO y T5- 300 mg/kg de AEO) con cuatro repeticiones, sobre el peso vivo, ganancia de peso acumulada, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y rendimiento de la canal, en ambos sexos. Resultados: El peso vivo, la ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia fueron influenciados (P < 0,05) por los tratamientos, en el T5 se obtuvieron los mejores promedios. Se observó interacción (P < 0,05) entre los tratamientos y el sexo, para el peso vivo, la ganancia de peso y el consumo de alimento acumulado. El sexo tuvo una influencia significativa (P < 0,05) en el rendimiento de la pechuga y de los muslos-piernas. Conclusiones: La inclusión de aceite esencial de orégano en la dieta de pollos en combinación con el sexo tiene un efecto positivo en las variables peso vivo, ganancia de peso y consumo de alimento acumulado. Palabras clave: aditivos de piensos, promotor de crecimiento, rendimiento de la canal (Fuente: Agrovoc

Effects of copper parenteral supplementation on the weight gain in fattening bulls

ABSTRACT Objective. In order to evaluate the effect of copper parenteral supplementation on cupremia and weight gain in fattening bulls. Materials and methods. Fifty animals hybrids holstein and zebu were selected, with 18-20 months of age, 210 - 220 kg body weight, clinically healthy and in a system of intensive fattening. Two groups of 25 animals were divided, one control and another supplemented with 50 mg of intravenous Cu every 2 months to complete 3 applications; hemochemical indicators and weight gain were evaluated. The variables were compared using the t-Student test for independent samples and growth curves its parameters were determined. Results. Cu supplementation increased (p<0.001) the cupremia, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and (p<0.01) the average daily gain and the weight of the bulls, with increases in weight between .86 y 9.54 % for the treated group. Final Live weight (446 and 586 kg) and average daily gain (534 and 684 g/d) in control and treated group, respectively, were higher in the supplemented animals with Cu. Conclusions. The parenteral suplementation of 50 mg of Cu increased serum levels of Cu, hemoglobin, hematocrit and live weight gain in fattening bulls.RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación del cobre por vía parenteral sobre la cupremia y ganancia de peso en toros en ceba. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 50 animales mestizos Holstein x Cebú con 18 a 20 meses de edad, 210-220 kg de peso vivo, clínicamente sanos y en un sistema de ceba intensiva. Se dividieron 2 grupos de 25 animales, uno control y otro suplementado con 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral cada 2 meses hasta completar 3 aplicaciones; se evaluaron los indicadores hematoquímicos y la ganancia de peso. Las variables se compararon mediante la prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes y se determinaron las curvas de crecimiento y sus parámetos. Resultados. La suplementación con Cu incrementó (p<0.001) la cupremia, la hemoglobina y el hematocrito y (p<0.01) la ganancia media diaria y el peso vivo de los toros, con incrementos del mismo entre el 4.86 y 9.54 %,a favor del grupo tratado. El peso vivo final (446 y 586 kg) y la ganancia media diaria de peso (534 y 684 g/d) en los grupo control y tratado, respectivamente, son superiores en los animales suplementados con Cu. Conclusiones. La suplementación parenteral de 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral incrementó los niveles séricos de Cu, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y la ganancia de peso en toros en ceba