7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Molecular toxicity of potential liquid membranes for lactic acid removal from fermentation broths using Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393

Toxic effects of extractants and carriers of specific microorganisms must be taken into account before using them with hybrid fermentation processes that are combined with liquid membranes or liquid-liquid extraction. In the current research three extractants (trioctylamine, tri-iso-octylamine and Aliquat 336), three diluents (dodecane, dodecanol, and oleyl alcohol) and two mixtures (extractant/diluent) were tested for molecular toxicity on the bacteria Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 as potential components of a liquid membrane or a liquid-liquid extraction process for lactic acid removal in an intensified fermentation process. Glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and cell growth were used as toxicity indicators. Physical properties of extractants and diluents were related to the molecular toxicity on the microorganism. These results show that mixtures of tri-iso-octylamine/dodecane and trioctylamine/dodecane at a proportion of 1:9 v/v have great potential to be used in liquid membranes or liquid-liquid extraction processes on hybrid fermentations with Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393

Molecular toxicity of potential liquid membranes for lactic acid removal from fermentation broths using Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393

Toxic effects of extractants and carriers of specific microorganisms must be taken into account before using them with hybrid fermentation processes that are combined with liquid membranes or liquid-liquid extraction. In the current research three extractants (trioctylamine, tri-iso-octylamine and Aliquat 336), three diluents (dodecane, dodecanol, and oleyl alcohol) and two mixtures (extractant/diluent) were tested for molecular toxicity on the bacteria Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 as potential components of a liquid membrane or a liquid-liquid extraction process for lactic acid removal in an intensified fermentation process. Glucose consumption, lactic acid production, and cell growth were used as toxicity indicators. Physical properties of extractants and diluents were related to the molecular toxicity on the microorganism. These results show that mixtures of tri-iso-octylamine/dodecane and trioctylamine/dodecane at a proportion of 1:9 v/v have great potential to be used in liquid membranes or liquid-liquid extraction processes on hybrid fermentations with Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393La toxicidad de extractantes y carriers sobre microrganismos específicos es clave a evaluar para implementar membranas líquidas o extracciones líquido-líquido integrados con fermentación. Se evaluó la toxicidad molecular de tres extractantes (trioctilamina, tri-iso-octilamina y Aliquat 336), tres diluyentes (dodecano, dodecanol y alcohol oleico) y dos mezclas (extractante/diluyente) sobre la bacteria Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 como componentes potenciales de los procesos de separación mencionados para la remoción de ácido láctico en un proceso intensificado fermentativo. El consumo de glucosa, la producción de biomasa y de ácido láctico se usaron como indicadores de toxicidad. Las propiedades físicas de los extractantes y de los diluyentes fueron relacionadas con la toxicidad molecular sobre el microorganismo. De acuerdo a los resultados, las mezclas tri-iso-octilamina/dodecano y trioctilamina/dodecano a una proporción 1:9 v/v tienen gran potencial de ser usados en membranas líquidas o procesos de extracción líquido-líquido en fermentaciones híbridas con Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Children and Adolescents: Selective Reactions.

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review;Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used throughout the world to treat pain and inflammation; however, they can trigger several types of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in all age groups. Although most such reactions occur through activation of the leukotriene pathway without specific immunological recognition (cross-intolerance), a significant number of DHRs to NSAIDs are due to immunological mechanisms (selective reactions [SRs]). SRs are thought to be induced by specific IgE antibodies or by T cells. In this manuscript, we focus on SRs, which are of great concern in children and adolescents and comprise a heterogeneous set of clinical pictures ranging from mild entities such as urticaria/angioedema to potentially life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the most frequent elicitors of IgE-mediated SRs, although pyrazolones have also been implicated. T cell-mediated reactions are infrequent in children but have been associated with ibuprofen, naproxen, and dipyrone. In this review, we analyze the available literature on SRs in children and adolescents, with emphasis on epidemiological data, mechanisms, and drugs involved, as well as on diagnostic procedures.The present study was supported by grants from the Carlos III National Health Institute, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund), RD12/0013/0001 (Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alérgenos y Fármacos, RIRAAF Network), FIS PI12/02247, FIS PI13/02598, and the Andalusian Public Health Service (PI-0279-2012 and PI-0463-2013).YesA pesar de su eficacia en el tratamiento del dolor y la inflamación los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), los medicamentos de mayor consumo mundial, también son la causa más frecuente de reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos (RHFs) en cualquier tramo de edad. Aunque en muchas de estas reacciones se liberan mediadores inflamatorios en ausencia de reconocimiento inmunológico específico (intolerancia cruzada), un porcentaje considerable de las RHFs a AINE se producen a través de mecanismos inmunológicos (reacciones selectivas, SRs). En éstas participarían anticuerpos IgE específicos o células T. Las SRs son de gran interés en niños y adolescentes e incluyen un conjunto heterogéneo de entidades que comprenden desde manifestaciones clínicas de poca gravedad como la urticaria y el angioedema hasta otras como el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y la necrolisis epidérmica tóxica, que pueden suponer una amenaza para la vida. En niños el paracetamol y el ibuprofeno son los medicamentos más frecuentemente implicados en las SRs mediadas por IgE aunque también se ha descrito la participación de las pirazolonas. Las reacciones mediadas por linfocitos T son menos frecuentes pero también se han descrito en relación con la administración de ibuprofeno, naproxeno y dipirona. En esta revisión analizaremos la literatura actual sobre las SRs en niños y adolescentes, centrándonos en los datos epidemiológicos, mecanismos y fármacos implicados, así como las pruebas disponibles para su diagnóstico

Immediate Reactions to More Than 1 NSAID Must Not Be Considered Cross-Hypersensitivity Unless Tolerance to ASA Is Verified.

Individuals who develop drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to chemically unrelated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered cross-hypersensitive. The hallmark for this classification is that the patient presents a reaction after intake of or challenge with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Whether patients react to 2 or more NSAIDs while tolerating ASA remains to be studied (selective reactions, SRs). Objective: To identify patients with SRs to 2 or more NSAIDs including strong COX-1 inhibitors. Patients who attended the Allergy Service of Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain with DHRs to NSAIDs between January 2011 and December 2014 were evaluated. Those with 2 or more immediate reactions occurring in less than 1 hour after intake were included. After confirming tolerance to ASA, the selectivity of the response to 2 or more NSAIDs was demonstrated by in vivo and/or in vitro testing or by controlled administration. From a total of 203 patients with immediate DHRs to NSAIDs, 16 (7.9%) met the inclusion criteria. The patients presented a total of 68 anaphylactic or cutaneous reactions (mean [SD], 4.2 [2.1]). Most reactions were to ibuprofen and other arylpropionic acid derivatives and to metamizole. Two different NSAIDs were involved in 11 patients and 3 in 5 patients. Patients with NSAID-induced anaphylaxis or urticaria/angioedema should not be considered cross-hypersensitive unless tolerance to ASA is verified