Collaborative design of audio-visual materials in political science and administration

The creation of educational audio-visual materials has recently become popular. It is an innovative and entertaining practice, which can reach millions of people through social networks and YouTube. For this reason, this specific was designed for students enrolled in the following three modules: The Spanish political system, public administration in Spain, and institutions and decision-making structures in both the of joint degrees in law and political science and in public management and economic sciences, as well as degrees in public management and degrees in political science. Educational audio-visual materials were co-designed and co-created to define a Municipal Council, its workings and its organization. This was a three phased experiment.. In the first, under the supervision of teachers, students developed five videos showing how Municipal Councils work. This allowed university students to become involved in a collaborative learning activity through which they acquired a series of important skills for future use, in addition to reinforcing their learning by participating in creation of digital teaching material, and also establishing a new teaching methodology consisting of learning-by-doing. In the second, professors and students attended CEIP Severo Ochoa Primary School in Madrid showing videos and playing two practical games, thus promoting knowledge transfer. In the third, the teachers evaluated the impact of this activity and the degree of satisfaction of university and primary school students. The result was positive, because not only was an educational innovation successfully implemented, but also a large part of objectives were achieved.Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónInstituto Complutense de Ciencia de la Administración (ICCA)Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu

New diagnosis of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin-American countries during 2018.

Important prevention efforts have led to a reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) globally. However, new cases of paediatric HIV infections still occur. Early diagnosis of new HIV infections is essential to start an appropriate antiretroviral treatment to avoid childhood morbidity and mortality related to infection. The aim of this study was to describe the new cases of MTCT in Latin-American referral hospitals. A retrospective, multicentre and descriptive study of the new cases of MTCT diagnosed during 2018 in 13 referral hospitals from 8 Latin-American countries (Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama) belonging to PLANTAIDS (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children), was conducted. PLANTAIDS is included in CYTED (Ibero-American Programme of Science and Technology for Development). Eighty-one children (40.7% males) were included, median age at diagnosis of 2.33 years (IQR:0.7-4.7). Less than 3% of women knew their HIV diagnosis before pregnancy. More than 80% of them were diagnosed after delivery, 8.7% during pregnancy, and 2.9% at delivery. Only one patient underwent antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to pregnancy. At diagnosis, 50.0% of the children presented with an advanced stage of disease (stage C following the current CDC classification for HIV infection), and 34.4% had less than 15% CD4+ cells/mm3. The time elapsed between delivery and the maternal diagnosis was correlated with the age of children at diagnosis, ρ = 0.760, p  Although MTCT in Latin America has declined in recent years, our series shows there are still cases that indicate some failures in prevention, being a critical point to improve an earlier diagnosis of pregnant women. Half of the children were diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease and the delay in maternal diagnosis entailed a worse clinical and immunological child' prognosis

Follow-up for 3 years of a pediatric population diagnosed in 2018 with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin American countries in the PLANTAIDS cohort

Abstract Introduction The frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Latin America has decreased considerably. However, new infections continue to be recorded, and the pediatric population remains one of the most vulnerable groups in this region. The main objective of the study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and psychosocial characteristics of new diagnoses of HIV MTCT in 2018 in the PLANTAIDS network (Paediatric Network for Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment of HIV in Children) during the 3 years following diagnosis. Methodology Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study based on a 3-year follow-up of patients diagnosed with HIV infection due to MTCT in 2018 in 10 hospitals in 8 Latin American countries (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Panama, Guatemala and Venezuela). The hospitals belonged to the PLANTAIDS network, which is included in CYTED (Ibero-American Programme of Science and Technology for Development). Results The study population comprised 72 pediatric patients (38.9% male). The median age at diagnosis was 2.4 years (IQR: 0.8–5.4). There were 35 cases of opportunistic infections corresponding to 25 patients (34.7%), with tuberculosis being the most common. Adequate childhood vaccination coverage was achieved in 80.5%. There were 3 cases of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification, the most frequent clinical-immunological stage at all check-ups was C1. Three patients died from opportunistic infections and/or advanced HIV infection. Conclusions It is important to diagnose HIV infection early in pediatrics, since early initiation of ART is associated with a decrease in mortality. Despite this, HIV infection has a poor prognosis in children, necessitating adequate follow-up to ensure adherence to health care and ART, although it can sometimes prove difficult in children

The Impact of University Collaborative Learning on Student Academic Performance: A Wiki and Blog for Political Science and Administration wiki and a blog for Political Science and Administration

Este proyecto se inició en 2015 y por ello, se trata de continuar elaborado una wiki sobre este área de conocimiento, este año junto a un blog, donde los alumnos a aprenden a trabajar colaborativa y autónomamente, además de medir su rendimiento.This project started in 2015 and therefore, the aim is to continue to develop a wiki on this area of knowledge, this year together with a blog, where students learn to work collaboratively and collaboratively, as well as to autonomously, as well as measuring their performance.Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEUniversidad Complutense de Madridsubmitte

The impact of the use of games on student academic performance: gamification as a way to improve the teaching of political, legal and social issues

El uso de los juegos en las aulas puede contribuir no sólo a mejorar la percepción de la docencia por parte de nuestro alumnado (lo cual a su vez podría transmitirse en una mejor percepción de los estudios de la Universidad Complutense), sino que también pueden conducir a un mayor conocimiento de los procesos dinámicos en los que vivimos hoy día facilitando que los estudiantes comprendan mejor su naturaleza dinámica. Cuando se simula una situación, los participantes se dan cuenta de cómo funciona el sistema político en movimiento y se preparan para enfrentarlo en la vida real. Además, las simulaciones también son divertidas, hacen que los estudiantes se involucren más en el estudio y profundicen su conocimiento al fomentar su interés. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es, por un lado, favorecer un nuevo enfoque que tenga en consideración el uso del juego en el aula como herramienta docente en la enseñanza superior y, por el otro, poder medir qué juegos resultan provechosos en el aula, en qué tipo de contextos y para qué fines. Por ello, con este proyecto pretendemos cambiar la aproximación para poder formular mejor la docencia que impartimos. En este sentido reunimos la experiencia de múltiples docentes que ya aplican técnicas de aprendizaje activo basadas en el uso de juegos en el aula y perseguimos sistematizarla para ver su alcance y beneficios.Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEsubmitte

The Impact of University Collaborative Learning on Student Academic Achievement: A Wiki for Political and Management Science

El objetivo del proyecto es llevar a la práctica una acción formativa basada en la web 2.0 con la participación de profesores y alumnos pertenecientes a distintos grados, facultades y universidades. En concreto, esta iniciativa pretende continuar con la wiki, www.dcpa.wikidot.com, que comenzó a realizarse en 2015 en virtud de la convocatoria de PIMCD. La wiki contribuye a que los estudiantes, de manera colaborativa, diseñen un proyecto educativo de integración curricular a partir de unos supuestos establecidos previamente por el profesor. Por lo tanto, este tipo de experiencia permite crear una base documental de gran utilidad para otros alumnos que estudian este tipo de asignaturas o para cualquier persona que muestren una inquietud o necesidad de buscar, encontrar o ampliar el conocimiento sobre determinadas cuestiones relacionadas con la Ciencia Política y la Ciencia de la Administración. Además, este año vamos a incorporar al proyecto de innovación la creación de un blog, como una experiencia piloto, en una de las asignaturas de los profesores del equipo. De esta manera, se continúa avanzando en el aprendizaje colaborativo, así como en la interacción entre el profesor y el alumno. El blog, al igual que la wiki, permite difundir de lo que ocurre en el aula al resto de la sociedad, contribuyendo a la transferencia del conocimiento. La razón principal de haber elegido estas herramientas es que este tipo de aplicaciones, bajo la estructura de un procesador de texto en línea, permite que cualquier persona pueda escribir, publicar fotografías o vídeos, archivos o links, sin ninguna complejidad. Además, contribuye a renovar las metodologías de enseñanza, ya que favorece el aprendizaje colaborativo (el conocimiento se comparte) y refuerza la relación de confianza entre profesor-alumno, ya que el estudiante adquiere un rol activo en el proceso de recopilación, análisis y difusión de conocimiento. De este modo, el estudiante adquiere competencias y habilidades de una manera dinámica. No obstante, para que las tecnologías generen valor en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje es necesario que los profesores nos centremos en diseñar unas experiencias de aprendizaje adaptadas a ellas. Solo de esta manera, la wiki y el blog pueden contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento y a la resolución de problemas de manera progresiva y evolutiva, de fomento de la capacidad crítica, evaluación de la información y el cuestionamiento de la realidad, y compromiso por un análisis equilibrado del trabajo de otros y contra los prejuicios. Por tal motivo, se presentará a los estudiantes una serie de pautas que deberán seguir para su buen desarrollo. En cuanto a la wiki, en primer lugar, se explicará el programa de la asignatura y se les indicarán que podrán desarrollar analíticamente cualquier concepto o acontecimiento que guarde relación con la misma, y en segundo lugar, se les señalara que deberán formar un grupo de 4 personas para poder llevar a cabo tal tarea, y que, una vez que determinen el tema a trabajar, deberá concretarlo con la profesora para evitar duplicidades y recibir los fundamentos sobre las cuales deberán vertebrar sus trabajos. En cuanto al blog, se expondrá a los alumnos de la asignatura de “Sistema político español”, que se creará una bitácora común para toda la clase en la que los mismos grupos de la wiki publicar una noticia, un video, una nota de prensa, etc relacionada con cada tema de la asignatura, y además deberán comentar esta aportación y vincularla con la parte teórica. Así, la innovación docente que se pretende conseguir es fomentar el trabajo colaborativo dentro y fuera del aula. En la actualidad, la wiki cuenta con 308 conceptos, por lo que esta iniciativa contribuirá a ampliar la información y el conocimiento sobre la Ciencia Política y la Ciencia de la Administración, incrementado, así, su repercusión, al igual que el blog. Con ello, los alumnos aprenderán a trabajar en grupo y de forma ordenada y continuada, además de adquirir una serie de herramientas que podrán ser empleadas en otras asignaturas y aspectos de su vida personal y profesional. Además, se medirá y evaluará su rendimiento académico para conocer si esta nueva metodología de aprendizaje permite mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes. Gracias a ello, los profesores podrán proponer nuevas herramientas docentes que tiendan a dirigir a los estudiantes hacia aquél enfoque de aprendizaje que proporcione mejor rendimiento.The aim of the project is to implement a training action based on web 2.0 with the participation of teachers and students belonging to different degrees, faculties and universities. Specifically, this initiative aims to continue with the wiki, www.dcpa.wikidot.com, which began to be carried out in 2015 under the PIMCD call for proposals. The wiki helps students, in a collaborative manner, to design an educational project of curricular integration based on assumptions previously established by the teacher. Therefore, this type of experience makes it possible to create a very useful documentary base for other students studying this type of subject or for anyone who shows an interest or need to search for, find or expand knowledge on certain issues related to Political Science and Management Science. In addition, this year we are going to incorporate into the innovation project the creation of a blog, as a pilot experience, in one of the subjects taught by the team's lecturers. In this way, we continue to make progress in collaborative learning, as well as in the interaction between teacher and student. The blog, like the wiki, allows the dissemination of what happens in the classroom to the rest of society, contributing to the transfer of knowledge. The main reason for choosing these tools is that this type of application, under the structure of an online word processor, allows anyone to write, publish photographs or videos, files or links, without any complexity. Moreover, it contributes to renew teaching methodologies, as it favours collaborative learning (knowledge is shared) and reinforces the relationship of trust between teacher-student, as the student acquires an active role in the process of gathering, analysing and disseminating knowledge. In this way, the student acquires competences and skills in a dynamic way. However, for technologies to generate value in the teaching-learning process, it is necessary for teachers to focus on designing learning experiences adapted to them. Only in this way can the wiki and the blog contribute to the construction of knowledge and problem solving in a progressive and evolutionary way, fostering critical capacity, evaluation of information and questioning of reality, and commitment to a balanced analysis of the work of others and against prejudices. For this reason, students will be presented with a series of guidelines to follow for its proper development. As for the wiki, firstly, the syllabus of the subject will be explained and they will be told that they will be able to analytically develop any concept or event related to it, and secondly, they will be told that they will have to form a group of 4 people to carry out this task, and that, once they have determined the topic to work on, they should discuss it with the teacher to avoid duplication and to receive the foundations on which they should base their work. As for the blog, it will be explained to the students of the subject "Spanish political system" that a common blog will be created for the whole class in which the same wiki groups will publish a news item, a video, a press release, etc. related to each subject of the course, and they will also have to comment on this contribution and link it to the theoretical part. In this way, the teaching innovation that is intended to be achieved is to encourage collaborative work inside and outside the classroom. At present, the wiki has 218 concepts, so this initiative will contribute to expanding information and knowledge about Political Science and Administration Science, thus increasing its impact, just like the blog. In this way, students will learn to work in groups and in an orderly and continuous manner, as well as acquiring a series of tools that can be used in other subjects and aspects of their personal and professional lives. In addition, their academic performance will be measured and evaluated to find out whether this new learning methodology improves students' results. As a result, teachers will be able to propose new teaching tools that tend to direct students towards the learning approach that provides the best performance.Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEUCMsubmitte

The impact of the use of games on student academic performance: gamification as a way to improve the teaching of political, legal and social issues

El juego es una herramienta básica para el aprendizaje, aunque poco utilizada en el Espacio de Educación Superior. El uso de los juegos en las aulas puede contribuir no sólo a mejorar la percepción de la docencia por parte de nuestro alumnado (lo cual a su vez podría transmitirse en una mejor percepción de los estudios de la Universidad Complutense), sino que también pueden conducir a un mayor conocimiento de los procesos dinámicos en los que vivimos hoy día facilitando que los participantes comprendan mejor su naturaleza dinámica. Cuando se simula una situación, los participantes se dan cuenta de cómo funciona el sistema político en movimiento y se preparan para enfrentarlo en la vida real. Además, las simulaciones también son divertidas, hacen que los estudiantes se involucren más en el estudio y profundicen su conocimiento al fomentar su interés. En este Proyecto de Innovación Docente profesores de distintas facultades y universidades analizamos el uso del juego en las aulas y su impacto en el rendimiento de nuestro alumnado.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaFALSEsubmitte

Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems

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