Diseño de radioenlaces y análisis de presupuesto, para interconectar el nuevo hospital de la Candelaria en Purificación con los puestos de salud de Chenche asoleado y Chenche uno en aras del desarrollo de la telesalud

Este proyecto de grado nace como un componente del proyecto de investigación que se está desarrollando desde el semillero SIART, denominada “El uso de las telecomunicaciones para el desarrollo de la Telesalud en poblaciones vulnerables y aisladas del departamento del Tolima, como alternativa para mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud” recordando que la primera fase “Estudio de conectividad, dispositivos de telecomunicaciones e insumos médicos en los hospitales de veinte municipios del Departamento del Tolima, para el desarrollo de la Telesalud” que fue aprobada en la convocatoria 1026 de 2013 en el año 2015. Purificación es un municipio que en la actualidad tiene articulado a su plan de plan de desarrollo: garantizar el bienestar y mejorar las condiciones de vida, mediante el acceso oportuno y de calidad a los servicios de salud. Es por eso, que la alcaldía ha manifestado la necesidad de implementar el desarrollo del proyecto de Telesalud, para brindar el servicio de salud a los habitantes de las veredas, ya que, en la actualidad, no cuenta con un servicio de salud de forma inmediata y son largas distancias la que el paciente tiene que recorrer, para recibir el servicio. De acuerdo al estudio que se ha realizado hasta el momento en la fase uno, se tiene conocimiento sobre dos (2) puestos de salud ubicados en las veredas de Chenche Asoleado y Chenche Uno y que no tienen acceso a internet; por eso, uno de los pasos para lograr la implementación de la Telesalud, es que los puestos de salud cuenten con el servicio a internet, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos tecnológicos para implementarla. Para el diseño de los radioenlaces, se utilizará el software Radio Mobile que se dedica a radioaficionados y otras herramientas de análisis, modelación y simulación de espectro disponibles, con fines humanitarios. Para lograr un óptimo diseño, es necesario desplazarse hasta los puntos y realizar la toma de coordenadas y análisis topográfico. Además, se realizará un análisis estructural que comprenda los elementos físicos necesarios para la implementación de la Telesalud en esta zona. Los diseños, cálculos, propagación de señales, potencias y frecuencias de operación de los enlaces seleccionados para cada uno de los puestos de salud, serán socializados a cada alcaldía y equipo administrativo de cada hospital, para que ellos puedan realizar la gestión y obtener el recurso económico, para la implementación. Teniendo en cuenta las condiciones geográficas y limitaciones tecnológicas al no contar con infraestructura más robusta como fibra óptica que interconecte las poblaciones, la solución de radio enlace es la más viable por su funcionalidad y aplicación en este tipo de escenarios, con requerimientos de infraestructura más flexibles por la topología propuesta es más cercana para el desarrollo del proyecto de telemedicina en esta región, actualmente todos los operadores implementan sus sistemas móviles y servicios de voz (UMTS) y datos (LTE) radio enlaces como se menciona por geografía o por aprovechar la infraestructura existente, teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes se puede garantizar la transmisión efectiva desde y hacia los puntos que se requieren cobertura.This Project is born as a component of the research project that is being developed by the seedbed SIART called “The use of telecommunications for the development of telehealth in vulnerable and isolated communities from Tolima department, as an alternative to improve the health services” specifically in its first phase “Study of connectivity, telecommunications equipment and medical resources in the hospitals of the 20 municipalities of Tolima department for the telehealth development” that was approved in the meeting 1026 of 2013 in the year 2015. Purificación is a municipality that currently has its development plan articulated to guarantee the wellness and improve the life quality of its inhabitants by means of the prompt quality access to health services. That is the reason why the municipality council has expressed the necessity to implement the development of the telehealth project, in order to offer the health service to far towns’ inhabitants. The reason of this is that currently, they do not have an immediate health service and the distances the patients have to walk are extremely long to receive the medical service. According to the research that has been developed until this moment, in phase one of the project, we have the knowledge about two health posts located in the towns of Chenche Asoleado and Chenche Uno that do not have internet access. That is why one of the steps to achieve the telehealth implementation is that the health posts have internet access, having in mind the technological requirements to implement it. For the design of the radio wave links, the software radio Mobile will be implemented. It is commonly used to analysis tools, modeling and spectrum simulation available. In order to achieve an optimum design, it is necessary to go to the different points, take the coordinates and topographic analysis. Besides, a structural examination will be developed that contains the physical necessary elements for the implementation of telehealth in this zone. The designs, calculations, signal spread, outputs and frequencies of the choose operations for each one of the health posts will be socialized with each municipality and administrative staff of each hospital, for them to do the management to get the financial resources for the implementation of the project. Taking into account the geographical conditions and technological limitations due to the lack of more robust infrastructure such as optical fiber interconnecting the populations, the radio link solution is the most viable due to its functionality and application in this type of scenario, with more flexible infrastructure requirements for the proposed topology is closest to the development of the telemedicine project in this region, currently all operators implement their mobile systems and voice services (UMTS) and data (LTE) radio links as mentioned by geography or by taking advantage of the infrastructure existing, taking into account this background can be guaranteed effective transmission to and from points that require coverage

Ruta del vino Ribera del Guadiana

El presente trabajo analiza la apuesta por un producto turístico prometedor:el enoturismo. Se analiza la situación de partida del sector agropecuario extremeño, la actualidad del caso del viñedo y una estimación de futuro:el potencial del enoturismo gastronómico para Extremadura.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Licenças de emissão de gases com efeito de estufa: Transparência da informação financeira

Este estudo analisa a influência do comportamento das emissões de gases de efeito estufa no nível de transparência da informação financeira. Uma análise de conteúdo dos anexos às contas anuais das empresas permitiu medir seu nível de transparência. Os resultados sugerem que o nível de transparência da informação financeira está negativamente relacionado com o desempenho das emissões de gases de efeito estufa quando elaborado com base nas normas internacionais de relatório financeiro. Além disso, concluiu-se que essas empresas revelam mais "boas notícias" quando há baixo desempenho nas emissões de gases. Este estudo complementa a literatura anterior sobre a transparência da informação financeira e a necessidade de relacioná-la com medidas de ecoeficiência para melhorar a tomada de decisões dos usuários da informação. O estudo constitui igualmente uma referência para os órgãos reguladores contábeis europeus sobre o comportamento das empresas nesse domínio

Landslide Susceptibility Analysis on the Vicinity of Bogotá-Villavicencio Road (Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes)

Landslide occurrence in Colombia is very frequent due to its geographical location in the Andean mountain range, with a very pronounced orography, a significant geological complexity and an outstanding climatic variability. More specifically, the study area around the Bogotá-Villavicencio road in the central sector of the Eastern Cordillera is one of the regions with the highest concentration of phenomena, which makes its study a priority. An inventory and detailed analysis of 2506 landslides has been carried out, in which five basic typologies have been differentiated: avalanches, debris flows, slides, earth flows and creeping areas. Debris avalanches and debris flows occur mainly in metamorphic materials (phyllites, schists and quartz-sandstones), areas with sparse vegetation, steep slopes and lower sections of hillslopes; meanwhile, slides, earth flows and creep occur in Cretaceous lutites, crop/grass lands, medium and low slopes and lower-middle sections of the hillslopes. Based on this analysis, landslide susceptibility models have been made for the different typologies and with different methods (matrix, discriminant analysis, random forest and neural networks) and input factors. The results are generally quite good, with average AUC-ROC values above 0.7–0.8, and the machine learning methods are the most appropriate, especially random forest, with a selected number of factors (between 6 and 8). The degree of fit (DF) usually shows relative errors lower than 5% and success higher than 90%. Finally, an integrated landslide susceptibility map (LSM) has been made for shallower and deeper types of movements. All the LSM show a clear zonation as a consequence of the geological control of the susceptibility

La generación de conocimiento en estrategia organizacional en Colombia.

El presente libro es la continuidad de cuatro estudios previos auspiciados por Ascolfa sobre la investigación en administración en Colombia. En este se da conocer el estado de la generación de conocimiento en Estrategia Organizacional en Colombia, se caracteriza la producción académica que sobre este tema han realizado grupos de investigación en el país durante los años recientes; e identifica enfoques, tendencias, aportes y vacíos de la investigación en este campo

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems."EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed

Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test:Should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex?

Abstract Background The Basque Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme has both high participation rate and high compliance rate of colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test (FIT). Although, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with biannual (FIT) has shown to reduce CRC mortality, the ultimate effectiveness of the screening programmes depends on the accuracy of FIT and post-FIT colonoscopy, and thus, harms related to false results might not be underestimated. Current CRC screening programmes use a single faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) cut-off for colonoscopy referral for both sexes and all ages. We aimed to determine optimum f-Hb cut-offs by sex and age without compromising neoplasia detection and interval cancer proportion. Methods Prospective cohort study using a single-sample faecal immunochemical test (FIT) on 444,582 invited average-risk subjects aged 50–69 years. A result was considered positive at ≥20 μg Hb/g faeces. Outcome measures were analysed by sex and age for a wide range of f-Hb cut-offs. Results We analysed 17,387 positive participants in the programme who underwent colonoscopy. Participation rate was 66.5%. Men had a positivity rate for f-Hb of 8.3% and women 4.8% (p < 0.0001). The detection rate for advanced neoplasia (cancer plus advanced adenoma) was 44.0‰ for men and 15.9‰ for women (p < 0.0001). The number of colonoscopies required decreased in both sexes and all age groups through increasing the f-Hb cut-off. However, the loss in CRC detection increased by up to 28.1% in men and 22.9% in women. CRC missed were generally at early stages (Stage I-II: from 70.2% in men to 66.3% in women). Conclusions This study provides detailed outcomes in men and women of different ages at a range of f-Hb cut-offs. We found differences in positivity rates, neoplasia detection rate, number needed to screen, and interval cancers in men and women and in younger and older groups. However, there are factors other than sex and age to consider when consideration is given to setting the f-Hb cut-off