Estudio retrospectivo de cetoacidosis diabética en la especie canina

Es un estudio retrospectivo (1997 a 2005) en el que se incluyeron 75 perros diabéticos, se seleccionaron quince que desarrollaron cetoacidosis diabética (DCA) durante este periodo. Trece de ellos fueron tratados y monitorizados con el mismo protocolo (insulina regular intramuscular a bajas dosis.) La edad media de aparición es de 10 años, mayoritariamente en hembras enteras. En el 61% de los casos, la DCA fue diagnósticada a la vez que la diabetes mellitus. Todos los animales hospitalizados presentaban enfermedades concurrentes en el momento del diagnóstico. La respuesta al tratamiento fue favorable en 7 animales.

Concentración de TSH endógena : un nuevo test para el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino

Desde hace varios años disponemos del test para calcular la concentración de tirotropina (TSH) endógena canina. Los estudios publicados hasta el momento coinciden en que se trata de una prueba útil para el diagnóstico del hipotiroidismo en el perro. La concentración basal de TSH canina presenta una sensibilidad moderada (70%) y una especificidad alta (90%). Aunque la interpretación conjunta de los niveles de tiroxina (T4) total y de TSH aporta una buena eficacia diagnóstica, es conveniente descartar enfermedades no tiroideas antes de realizar estas pruebas hormonales. Cuando se evalúa un perro con un cuadro clínico compatible de hipotiroidismo, una concentración baja de T4 Y alta de TSH confirma el diagnóstico.An assay for determination of canine thyrotropin (cTSH) has become available a few years ago. Recent studies agree that determination of cTSH is a useful test for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs. The basal eTSH concentration has a moderate sensitivity (70%) and a high specificity (90%). Although the interpretation of both thyroxine (T4) and cTSH concentrations provides a good diagnostic accuracy, is suitable to rule out non-thyroidal illnesses before performing thyroid functíon tests. When evaluating a dog with clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism, the finding of a low thyroxine concentration (T4) and a high eTSH concentration in a dog confirms the diagnosis

Citodiagnóstico conjuntival en el perro

En este trabajo se presentan las imágenes citológicas obtenidas al realizar raspados conjuntivales, tanto de perros sin alteración ocular, como de perros con conjuntivitis.In this paper, we describe the cytologic results of conjunctival scrapings in dogs without ocular disease and dogs with conjunctivitis

Survival of dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism treated twice daily with low doses of trilostane

Background Twice daily low trilostane doses have proven to be effective to manage canine Cushing's syndrome. However, survival and prognostic factors in dogs treated with this protocol have not been evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate survival and prognostic factors, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) at diagnosis, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) treated with low trilostane doses. Methods Medical records of 91 dogs newly diagnosed with PDH initially treated with 0.2–1.1 mg/kg of trilostane twice daily were retrospectively included. Survival times were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results Overall, median survival was 998 days (range 26–1832 days, 95% confidence interval = 755–1241 days). In the multivariable analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.337, p < 0.001), presence of calcinosis cutis (HR = 5.271, p < 0.001), body condition score (BCS) ≤3/9 (HR = 8.100, p < 0.001) and higher platelet count (HR = 1.002, p = 0.022) were negatively correlated with survival. SBP was not associated with survival. Conclusions Low-dose trilostane treatment twice daily provides slightly longer survival than previously reported for dogs with PDH treated once or twice daily at higher doses. Older age, presence of calcinosis cutis, low BCS and higher platelet count, but not systemic hypertension, are predictive of poorer prognosis in dogs with PDH

First description of feline inflammatory mammary carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of three cases

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory breast cancer is a special type of locally advanced mammary cancer that is associated with particularly aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. The dog was considered the only natural model in which to study the disease because, until now, it was the only species known to present with inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) spontaneously. In the present study we describe clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of three cats with IMC, in order to evaluate its possible value as an animal model. METHODS: We prospectively studied three female cats with clinical symptoms of IMC, identified over a period of 3 years. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of Ki-67, and oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors were performed. RESULTS: All three animals presented with secondary IMC (postsurgical) characterized by a rapid onset of erythema, severe oedema, extreme local pain and firmness, absence of subjacent mammary nodules, and involvement of extremities. Rejection of the surgical suture was observed in two of the cats. Histologically, highly malignant papillary mammary carcinomas, dermal tumour embolization of superficial lymphatic vessels, and severe secondary inflammation were observed. The animals were put to sleep at 10, 15 and 45 days after diagnosis. Metastases were detected in regional lymph nodes and lungs in the two animals that were necropsied. All tumours had a high Ki-67 proliferation index and were positive for oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors. CONCLUSION: Our findings in feline IMC (very low prevalence, only secondary IMC, frequent association of inflammatory reaction with surgical suture rejection, steroid receptor positivity) indicate that feline IMC could be useful as an animal model of human inflammatory breast cancer, although the data should be considered with caution

Influencia de la nutrición : alteraciones genéticas y aspectos clínicos en los tumores mamarios caninos

En el presente trabajo se ha realizado un estudio sobre aspectos clínicos genéticos y nutricionales en 102 perros con tumores mamarios y 89 animales control. El análisis de adn tumoral mediante citología de flujo ha revelado que la incidencia de anuploidia es superior en los tumores malignos que en las displasias y tumores benignos. Se ha observado hipoploidia en un 7,3% de las neoplasias. El valor de la fracción de fase s es mayor en tumores malignos. Los valores mas elevados de fracción de fase s corresponden a tumores de alto grado de malignidad histologíca. El valor de fase s es inferior en animales con estadio clínico local que con afectación ganglionar. Por otro lado, la existencia de obesidad durante la etapa juvenil y durante un periodo de 1 año anterior al diagnostico se relaciona con una mayor incidencia de neoplasias mamarias. El consumo de dietas caseras, de carnes de vacuno y porcino en lugar de dietas comerciales y carne de aves se relaciona con un incremento en la incidencia. El análisis del perfil de ácidos grasos subcutáneos así como el valor de selenio serico no revelan diferencias entre los animales control y los casos. Los animales con tumores presentan niveles de retinol inferior a los animales contro

Trislostano. Una nueva opción en el tratamiento del hiperadrenocorticismo

El mitotano ha siod el único tratamiento médico efectivo para el tratamiento del síndrome de Cushing en el perro hasta final de la década de los 90. Desde entonces disponemos del trilostano, que tiene una alta aceptación por su eficacia, pero menos efectos secudarios. El trilostano inhibe la enzima 3 beta-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa bloqueando la síntesis y alcanza su nivel de hormonas esteroides adrenales. Este bloque enzimático es reversible y alcanza su nivel máximo ente las 2 y las 6 horas después de la administración oral. A pesar de que la duración de acción es menor de 24 horas, aproximadamente el 70% de los perros con hiperadrenocorticismo responden favorablemente a una sola dosis diaria de trilostano. Generalmente, los perros que no responden bien a una sola dosis diaria, sí responden al aumentar la frecuencia del tratamiento a dos veces al día. Aunque el trilostano es más seguro que el mitotano, puede producir ocasionalmente letargia, pérdida de apetito transitoria o signos relacionadso con hipocortisolemia (como pérdida de apetito o vómitos). Un número reducido de casos puede desarrollar un hipocortisolismo prolongado a pesar de interrumpir la medicación (aún se desconoce la patogenia de este efecto). Es importante realizar las revisiones indicadas para disminuir el riesgo de hipocortisolismo.

Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

BackgroundResults of ACTH stimulation test (ACTHst), pre- and post-trilostane serum cortisol concentrations (SCCs), urine concentration (urine-specific gravity [USG]), and urine cortisol : creatinine ratios (UCCRs) are common variables used to monitor trilostane treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). However, none has consistently discriminated dogs receiving an adequate dose (A) from those overdosed (O) or underdosed (U).ObjectivesTo assess and compare recommended monitoring variables, including serial SCCs in a cohort of dogs with PDH treated with trilostane.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs with PDH (n = 22) and 3 healthy dogs (controls).MethodsProspective, multicenter, 2-day study. On day "a" (randomized): ACTHst was completed. Day "b" (&gt;2 to &lt;7 days later): SCCs were assessed -0.5 hours, immediately before, and 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after trilostane administration. On the first study day, urine collected at home was assessed for USG, UCCR and owner opinions regarding PDH were categorized as: A (clinical signs resolved), U (remains symptomatic), or ill (possible O).ResultsAt 27 pairs of evaluations, 7 dogs were categorized as A, 19 U, and 1 possible O (excluded from the study). There was overlap in SCC results from the A and U dogs at every time point. Results of USG, UCCR, and ACTHst did not discriminate A from U dogs. Trilostane suppresses SCC within 1 hour of administration and its duration of action in most PDH dogs is &lt;8 hours.Conclusions and clinical importanceNo single variable or group of variables reliably discriminated A dogs from U dogs during trilostane treatment for PDH