Inequality and globalisation: Analysis of European countries

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and globalisation in 29 European countries over the period of 2005-2015, the period including phases of both growth and economic recession. Unlike other studies which analyse variations in inequality in specific countries or in both developed and developing economies, this study focuses on European countries, that is, high-income countries with highly developed economies. It investigates the influence on inequality exerted by trade and financial globalisation and technological development over the ten years through panel data multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that both trade globalisation and the degree of technological development are associated with reduction in inequality, while financial globalisation, and particularly foreign direct investment inward, are associated with increase in inequality. Furthermore, strong associations can be observed between the dimensions of the study in function of the average salaries and GDP per capita of different countries, reflected through partial correlations

La caricatura en la Primavera Árabe: de la libertad de expresión al arte de resistencia a través de las redes sociales

La libertad de expresión en el mundo árabe sólo ha sido posible con el desarrollo de las caricaturas. Este hecho se materializó con la Primavera Árabe y el desarrollo del ciberespacio y las redes sociales, hasta tal punto en que se convirtieron en un arte de resistencia. Los objetivos, por tanto, son: (1) analizar la caricatura en el mundo árabe como forma de libertad de expresión, (2) estudiar la evolución de las caricaturas durante la Primavera Árabe y (3) examinar la función de las redes sociales en relación a las caricaturas. De este modo, la metodología es cualitativa, por lo que se han recopilado datos que han sido analizados exhaustivamente, utilizándose como fuente primaria las caricaturas Ali Ferzat, ya que muestran una clara evolución antes y después de la Primavera Árabe. Con todo, las conclusiones que se aprecian son: (1) la caricatura ha sido la única forma de libertad de expresión, (2) la caricatura puede ser considerada un medio de comunicación alternativo y (3) la caricatura se ha convertido en un arte de resistencia gracias al desarrollo de las redes sociales.The only way of freedom of speech in the Arab world is political cartoons. This issue crystalized in the Arab Spring due to the development of cyberspace and social media in the Arab world. As a result, these political cartoons became art of resistance. In this sense, the objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze political cartoons in the Arab world as a form of freedom of speech; (2) to study the evolution of political cartoons in the Arab Spring; and (3) to examine the function of social media and cyberspace as regard political cartoons. Therefore, this is a qualitative research in which a large amount of data has been analyzed in an exhaustive way. The primary source is ʿAlī Farzāt’s cartoons on the grounds that they show a clear evolution of political cartoons in the Arab world. As consequence, the conclusions of this research are: (1) political cartoons have been the only form of freedom of speech in the Arab world; (2) political cartoons are an alternative media; and (3) political cartoons are an art of resistance due to social media and cyberspace

Modelo cualitativo para la asignación de créditos de consumo y ordinario - el caso de una cooperativa de crédito

Este artículo muestra el desarrollo de un método para la construcción de unmodelo de asignación de créditos para la cartera de consumo en la Cooperativa BelénAhorro y Crédito. Para esto, se parte de la normativa colombiana existente y de lanecesidad de tener un buen sistema de score (calificación individual del cliente), queayude a optimizar los tiempos tanto en los procesos de venta como en el estudio delas solicitudes de créditos y que permita así determinar las características básicas delcliente. Este articulo trata una primera fase la cual consiste en aplicar una metodologíacualitativa combinada con métodos estadísticos

La creación de spin-off universitarias : el caso de la Universidad de Huelva

En las universidades españolas ha cobrado cada vez mayor importancia la creación de empresas spin-off. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la generación de spin-off en una universidad pequeña y relativamente joven, la de Huelva. Para ello, en primer lugar, se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía con el objetivo de identificar los factores determinantes de la generación de spin-off. A continuación se analiza el caso de la Universidad de Huelva para identificar sus puntos fuertes y débiles en el desarrollo de su mejor orientación. Finalmente, se aportan algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones.The creation of university spin-off is becoming a key goal for the spanish universities. This paper is devoted to the study of the university spin-off generation in a young and medium-sized university, the University of Huelva. First, we will identify in the literature the factors that have influence; second, we�ll analyze the case of the University of Huelva, in order to identify its weakness and develop the best policy orientation; finally, some conclusions and recommendations are pointed ou

Good practices in perinatal bereavement care in public maternity hospitals in Southern Spain

Funding sources The Department of Nursing from University of Granada pro- vided infrastructure and funding for the realization of the study (documents, material, software, web platforms etc.). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.midw.2023.103749Objective To assess the attitudes and care practices of midwives and nurses in the province of Granada in relation to death care and perinatal bereavement, to determine their degree of adaptation to international standards and to identify possible differences in personal factors among those who best adapt to international recommendations. Design A local survey of 117 nurses and midwives from the five maternity hospitals in the province was conducted using the Lucina questionnaire developed to explore professionals' emotions, opinions, and knowledge during perinatal bereavement care. Adaptation of practices to international recommendations was assessed using the CiaoLapo Stillbirth Support (CLASS) checklist. Socio-demographic data were collected to establish their association with increased compliance with recommendations. Findings The response rate was 75.4%, the majority were women (88.9%), with a mean age of 40.9 (SD=1.4) and 17.4 (SD= 10.58) years of work experience. Midwives were the most represented (67.5%) and reported having attended more cases of perinatal death (p = 0.010) and having more specific training (p<0.001.) Of these, 57.3% would recommend immediate delivery, 26.5% would recommend the use of pharmacological sedation during delivery and 47% would take the baby immediately if the parents expressed their wish not to watch them. On the other hand, only 58% would be in favour of taking photos for the creation of memories, 47% would bathe and dress the baby in all cases, and 33.3% would allow the company of other family members. The percentage that matched each recommendation on memory-making was 58%, 41.9% matched the recommendations on respect for the baby and parents, and 23% and 10.3% matched the appropriate delivery and follow-up options, respectively. The factors associated with 100% of the recommendations, according to the care sector, were being a woman, a midwife, having specific training and having personally experienced the situation. Key conclusions Although the levels of adaptation observed are more favourable than in other nearby contexts, serious deficiencies are identified in the province of Granada with respect to internationally agreed recommendations on perinatal bereavement care. More training and awareness-raising of midwives and nurses is needed, which also considers factors related to better compliance. Implication for practice This is the first study to quantify the degree of adaptation to international recommendations in Spain reported by midwives and nurses, as well as the individual factors associated with a higher level of compliance. Areas for improvement and explanatory variables of adaptation are identified, which allow support for possible training and awareness-raising programmes aimed at improving the quality of care provided to bereaved families.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU

Would it Be Possible to Implement a Universal Basic Income in Europe?

Este trabajo analiza la viabilidad de una medida como la renta básica universal (UBI) en Europa. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un análisis del estado de la cuestión que abarca los aspectos principales de la medida, partiendo de su posible encuadre como política social en el estado del bienestar de los países europeos. El artículo contribuye al debate existente sobre UBI aportando una revisión de los aspectos más discutidos de la medida, ofreciendo las evidencias empíricas disponibles y recopilando los argumentos que se esgrimen a favor y en contra de la misma. Como conclusión, se observa que los principales obstáculos que se plantean a la implantación de la UBI no están respaldados por evidencias empíricas y que, por el contrario, los experimentos realizados apoyan los efectos positivos que podría generar, destacando la reducción de la desigualdad y la pobreza, su viabilidad financiera, sus efectos positivos a nivel macro y sobre la oferta de trabajo y, finalmente, el apoyo de la opinión pública europea. No obstante, la medida actualmente no cuenta con un claro apoyo político, lo que impedirá su implantación en un futuro cercanoThis work analyses the viability of a universal basic income (UBI) in Europe. To do it, we develop a “state of the art” analysis covering the main aspects of this initiative, beginning with its possible formulation within the European welfare systems. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about the controversial aspects of UBI, providing both evidences and arguments that support or undermine the initiative. This allows us to conclude that the evidence does not support the main obstacles usually identified to prevent the implementation of UBI; on the contrary, the experiences carried out show its positive effects, such as a significant reduction of poverty and inequality. Thus, UBI is a financially likely initiative that could led to positive macroeconomic effects – even in labour market– also supported by European public opinion. Nevertheless, there is no clear support from political parties yet, which will prevent its implementation in the near futur

La caricatura en el mundo árabe : un medio de comunicación alternativo en la era digital

La caricatura en el mundo árabe es un medio de comunicación alternativo que provoca una reacción social bastante significativa. Por ello, este trabajo pretende mostrar como la era digital ha permitido afianzar este género artístico y comunicativo, al mismo tiempo que ha mejorado su transmisión. Así, los objetivos son: (1) analizar el desarrollo de la caricatura; (2) estudiar la relación de la caricatura y los medios de comunicación; y (3) observar su relación en la era digital. Para ello, se desarrollará una metodología cualitativa que permita generar una información nueva analizando diferentes datos. Por tanto, las conclusiones son: (1) la caricatura se ha consolidado como medio de comunicación; (2) la caricatura ha tenido un gran impacto social; y (3) la caricatura ha logrado abrir camino en la era digital.Political cartoons in the Arab world are an alternative media that provoke an important social reaction. This research is an attempt to assess how the digital era has crystallized this artistic and communicative genre as well as it has improved its transmission. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the development of political cartoons in the Arab world; (2) to study the relations between political cartoons and media; and (3) to observe this relation with the digital era. Consequently, the conclusions of this research are: (1) political cartoons have been consolidated as a form of media; (2) political cartoons have had a strong impact into the society; and (3) political cartoons have opened a new horizon to the digital era

Spanish Nursing Students’ Attitudes toward People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still a public health issue. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) creates, in society, stigmatizing attitudes, fear, and discrimination against infected people; even health professionals do not feel trained enough to adequately take care of these patients, which a ects the quality of care provided to such patients. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students’ attitudes and other related factors toward people with HIV/AIDS, as well as their evolution in subsequent academic years. A cross-sectional study was performed with students in four academic years from four Spanish health sciences institutions (n = 384). Data were collected voluntarily and on an anonymous basis, utilizing the “Nursing students’ attitudes toward AIDS” (EASE) validated scale. The students’ attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS were relatively positive, with a total mean EASE value of 85.25 9.80. Statistically significant di erences were observed according to the academic year (p = 0.041), in 4 out of 21 items of the scale and among students with no religious beliefs. By adjusting every variable, only the weak association with religion was maintained (p = 0.045)

Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2000–2018 in a Specialised Centre: Comparison between Pre-Crisis, Crisis, and Post-Crisis Period

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major public health problem due to their consequences in sexual and reproductive health. There is a close link between the crisis and the increase in communicable diseases. The objective of this study was to analyse the evolution of Sexually Transmitted Infections during the period 2000–2018 in the population attending the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada (Spain), specifically comparing the pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis periods. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study was conducted by reviewing medical records. The sample analysed comprised 1666 cases. (3) Results: During the pre-crisis period (2000–2007), the percentage of diagnoses was 41.6% (n = 126) compared to 58.4% (n = 177) of negative results; during the crisis, the percentages were 63.5% (n = 183) and 36.5% (n = 105), respectively; and during the post-crisis period, the percentages were 42.9% (n = 157) and 57.1% (n = 209), respectively. The variables that were significantly associated with STI diagnosis were the time periods analysed, sexual orientation, occupation, and age at first intercourse. The evolution of the number of positive diagnoses during the entire study period showed a trend of progressive increase in Sexually Transmitted Infections from 2000 to 2018. (4) Conclusions: The period of economic crisis presented a higher risk of infection, although this is a finding with certain limitations due to the lack of homogeneity between the periods analyse

Evaluation of interventions in people with digestive stoma through the Nursing Interventions Classification

This manuscript is part of the project "The experience of having an intestinal stoma and its relations to nursing practice. Qualitative metasynthesis and implementation of qualitative evidence through clinical pathways." This project was funded by the Ministry of Health, Junta de Andalucia, Spain (Expt: PI-2011-0564).Purpose: To determine which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma and the relationships between nursing interventions used and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: The present study is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive. Data from 102 individuals in the general surgery unit of a first-level hospital (University Hospital Complex of Granada, Spain) were analyzed. Data on the use of nursing interventions and sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses were conducted. Findings: Interventions: Decision-Making Support (5250) and Ostomy Care (0480) were the most prevalent interventions in the sample. The period of care (postoperative and follow-up) was the most common significant variable (p < 0.05) among the interventions observed. Anxiety Reduction (5820), Nutritional Counseling (5246), Self-Esteem Enhancement (5400), and Body Image Enhancement (5220) were also relevant findings. Conclusions: The present study contributes to determining which nursing interventions are used in individuals with a digestive stoma. Implications for nursing practice: This study could be useful in planning nursing interventions in individuals with a digestive stoma.Ministry of Health, Junta de Andalucia, Spain PI-2011-056