298 research outputs found
Distribution of melanopsin positive neurons in pigmented and albino mice: evidence for melanopsin interneurons in the mouse retina.
Here we have studied the population of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in adult pigmented and albino mice. Our data show that although pigmented (C57Bl/6) and albino (Swiss) mice have a similar total number of ipRGCs, their distribution is slightly different: while in pigmented mice ipRGCs are more abundant in the temporal retina, in albinos the ipRGCs are more abundant in superior retina. In both strains, ipRGCs are located in the retinal periphery, in the areas of lower Brn3a(+)RGC density. Both strains also contain displaced ipRGCs (d-ipRGCs) in the inner nuclear layer (INL) that account for 14% of total ipRGCs in pigmented mice and 5% in albinos. Tracing from both superior colliculli shows that 98% (pigmented) and 97% (albino) of the total ipRGCs, become retrogradely labeled, while double immunodetection of melanopsin and Brn3a confirms that few ipRGCs express this transcription factor in mice. Rather surprisingly, application of a retrograde tracer to the optic nerve (ON) labels all ipRGCs, except for a sub-population of the d-ipRGCs (14% in pigmented and 28% in albino, respectively) and melanopsin positive cells residing in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the retina. In the CMZ, between 20% (pigmented) and 24% (albino) of the melanopsin positive cells are unlabeled by the tracer and we suggest that this may be because they fail to send an axon into the ON. As such, this study provides the first evidence for a population of melanopsin interneurons in the mammalian retina
Stabilization of high-order solutions of the cubic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
In this paper we consider the stabilization of non-fundamental unstable
stationary solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Specifically
we study the stabilization of radially symmetric solutions with nodes and
asymmetric complex stationary solutions. For the first ones we find partial
stabilization similar to that recently found for vortex solutions while for the
later ones stabilization does not seem possible
La falla de Tíscar: su significado en la terminación sudoeste del arco Prebético
10 páginas, 11 figuras, 1 tabla.[EN] The Tíscar fault, located towards the SW end of the Prebetic arc, is an important feature
within the Betic External Zone which contributed to the separation of two different geologic domains.
This fault affected the Mesozoic and Tertiary cover detached from the Palaeozoic basement and was
developed as consequence of the blockage of the thrust sheets of the western border of the arc, because
they could not advance farther over the basement situated progressively in a shallower position.
Hence, this fault encouraged the continuation of the NW displacements in the western block, formed
by Subbetic olistostromic masses and part of the Prebetic situated in the end of the arc. Although the
Tíscar fault has been defined by one main line, there are in fact other parallel faults that form a broad
fault zone. Its displacement began during the late Miocene and continued till Pliocene, within a near
N-S compressive setting with a perpendicular extension.[ES] La falla de Tíscar, localizada en la terminación SO del arco Prebético, es un rasgo importante
dentro de la Zona Externa Bética, donde ha contribuido a la separación de dos dominios geológicos
diferentes. Esta falla afectó a la cobertera mesozoica y terciaria despegada del basamento paleozoico
y se formó como consecuencia de que los cabalgamientos del borde occidental del arco quedaron
bloqueados al no poder avanzar más sobre el basamento cada vez menos profundo. Entonces la falla
permitió la continuación de los movimientos hacia el NO de su bloque occidental formado por
materiales del Subbético, dispuesto en masas olistostrómicas, e incluso parte del propio Prebético del
extremo del arco. Aunque la falla de Tíscar se ha definido por su traza principal, existen otras paralelas
que en conjunto forman una amplia zona. Sus movimientos iniciados en el Mioceno superior
continuaron hasta el Plioceno, en un contexto de compresión N-S y extensión perpendicular.Este estudio se ha financiado a través de los proyectos
BTE2001-5230-E, CGL200401636/BTE, CGL2004-03333/
BTE, CGL2005-01520/BTE y BTE2001-5230-E y los grupos
de la Junta de Andalucía RNM 163 y 217.Peer reviewe
Stabilized vortex solitons in layered Kerr media
In this letter we demonstrate the possibility of stabilizing beams with
angular momentum propagating in Kerr media. Large propagation distances without
filamentation can be achieved in layered media with alternating focusing and
defocusing nonlinearities. Stronger stabilization can be obtained with the
addition of an incoherent beam.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. We have removed the sentence "Thus, they
erroneously point out to the existence of fully stabilized vortex solitons"
in page 2, column 2, line 7-8, because it might be confusin
Eficacia y eficiencia de Leader 11 en Andalucía. Aproximación a un índice-resultado en materia de turismo rural
The evaluation has turned into a strategic element of differentiation, into the measurement into that allows to demonstrate his own beneficiaries, that the application of the public or private resources, it is as suitable as possible. To evaluate is necessary a system of indicators, which answer to five big types of which we will centre on two: efficiency (the effort inverted in terms of plysical, human or financial resources and the obtained results) and effectiveness (the impacts or results of the program with regard to his aims). In this article we try to put of manifest as the evaluation of the measurement B.3 (tourist activities) it allows across the analysis of the efficiency (projects) and the effectiveness (investment) in LEADER 11, one approximation in the construction of a proved index.La evaluación se ha convertido en un elemento estratégico de diferenciación, en la medida en que permite demostrar a sus propios beneficiarios, que la aplicación de los recursos públicos o privados, es la más adecuada posible. Para evaluar los programas de desarrollo rural es necesario un sistema de indicadores, que responden a cinco grandes tipos de los que nos centraremos en dos: eficiencia (el esfuerzo invertido en términos de recursos físicos, humanos o financieros y los resultados obtenidos) y eficacia (los impactos o resultados del programa respecto a sus objetivos). En este articulo tratamos de poner de manifiesto como la evaluación de la medida B.3 (actividades turísticas) permite, a través del análisis de la eficacia (proyectos) y la eficiencia (inversión) en LEADER 11, una primera aproximación en la construcción de un índice resultado
Registros recientes de Caluromys derbianus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), Tamandua mexicana (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) y Coendou mexicanus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) en Oaxaca, México
We present notable records of golden opossum (Caluromys derbianus), anteater (Tamandua mexicana), and porcupine (Coendou mexicanus), three cryptic species, with arboreal habits considered cared for in Mexico, whose presence in Oaxaca is historical or scarce. The record of golden opossum was obtained through photo-trapping and the records of porcupine and anteater through reports from local inhabitants. The golden opossum was recorded in a fragment of tropical evergreen forest, while the records of the other two species occurred in agricultural areas, but close (<3 km) to patches of secondary vegetation of tropical evergreen forest, the areas were equal or greater 0.97 km2. These records increase the knowledge of the presence of these species in the north of Oaxaca. The records indicated the tolerance of the anteater and porcupine to anthropized landscapes, and may highlight the type of risks they may face from being run over and captured.Presentamos registros notables de tlacuache dorado (Caluromys derbianus), oso hormiguero (Tamandua mexicana) y puerco espín (Coendou mexicanus), tres especies crípticas, de hábitos arborícolas consideradas amenazadas en México, cuya presencia en Oaxaca es histórica o escasa. El registro de tlacuache dorado se obtuvo a través de fototrampeo y los registros de puerco espín y oso hormiguero por medio de reportes de habitantes locales. El tlacuache dorado fue registrado en un fragmento de bosque tropical perennifolio, mientras que los registros de las otras dos especies ocurrieron en áreas agrícolas, pero cerca (<3 km) de parches de vegetación secundaria de bosque tropical perennifolio cuyas áreas fueron iguales o mayores 0.97 km2. Estos registros incrementan el conocimiento de la presencia de estas especies en el norte de Oaxaca. Los registros muestran la tolerancia del oso hormiguero y el puerco espín a paisajes antropizados, y ponen en evidencia el tipo de riesgos que pueden enfrentar por atropellamientos y captura
VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l.
in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design,
construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory.
HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of
VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water
Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in
operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%.
Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were
used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to
the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at
energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages,
10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro
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