A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Origen étnico y cambios intergeneracionales en los niveles educacionales y sociales en la Araucanía International changes in the educational and social levels of people of ethnic origin in the Auracanía region

El artículo hace referencia a los cambios intergeneracionales que se han dado, tanto en términos educacionales como por categorías sociales, en tres de las principales comunas de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. En él se analizan las tasas de movilidad educacional y la incidencia de la educación de los padres (capital educacional) en el nivel educacional de los hijos. Además, se muestra la transformación social intergeneracional por origen étnico que se ha dado en la región, así como las mayores oportunidades ocupacionales de los individuos que han accedido a los niveles superiores de enseñanza. El estudio pone de manifiesto que aun cuando siguen existiendo inequidades educativas por origen étnico, la educación superior ha abierto oportunidades de ascenso social para la mayoría de los individuos que han accedido a ella.<br>This article refers to the inter-generational changes that have occurred in educational terms and by social category in three of the main communes of the Araucária region of Chile. It analyses the rates of educational mobility and the incidence of parent's education (educational capital) in the educational level of the children. It also provides evidence of the social and inter-generational transformation by ethnic origin that has occurred in this region, as well as of the greater occupational opportunities opened for individuals who have risen to higher levels of education. The study shows that even when educational inequality resulting from ethnic origin remained, higher education has created opportunities for social mobility for most those who had access to it

The Internet as a transnational project: Connecting Central America through computer networks (1990-1996)

This article argues that transnational flows of knowledge, data, and technologies are not only an actual feature of the Internet, but rather a constitutive characteristic of its historical development. To make this case, it discusses how six countries in Central America-Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama-connected to and through computer networks and technologies such as UUCP, BITNET, and the Internet in the first half of the 1990s. Drawing on archival research and interviews with protagonists of networking initiatives, this article argues that the establishment of these projects in Central America required forging a transnational network of collaborations, enabled by international organisations with presence in countries of the region. This study reveals how the Internet was imagined and enacted in a part of the world largely absent in academic literature. It thus broadens our understanding of the early development of computer networks in the global South.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación Colectiv

Follow the Networks

On February 27, 1994, three Costa Rican engineers took an afternoon flight from San José to Managua, Nicaragua. The timing for this trip was good in more ways than one. Little by little, more than a decade of war in the region was coming to an end. The trip had a single purpose: participate in Nicaragua’s connection to the Internet. In Managua, a group of collaborators who had worked for months to establish this link awaited them. For almost three years, they had been making plans together for Nicaragua’s Internet connection through Costa Rica via an analog microwave link built in the late 60s, a decade in which the concept of Central American integration had flourished. From Costa Rica, Nicaragua would be connected to Homestead, Florida through a satellite antenna. This goal was achieved the very next day and was celebrated enthusiastically. A public event was held at the Nicaraguan university that led this initiative. After a series of training and work sessions with their Nicaraguan counterparts, the Costa Rican engineers returned to San José on March 2. Only four months later, they would repeat this process in a different setting: the new site was Panama, but the purpose and procedures were almost identical.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Comunicación (CICOM