Effects of Irradiation Dose and O2 and CO2 Concentrations in Packages on Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria and Quality of Ready-to-Cook Seasoned Ground Beef Product (Meatball) during Refrigerated Storage

Combined effects of gamma irradiation and concentrations of O2 (0, 5, 21%) and CO2 (0, 50%) on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, lipid oxidation, and color changes in ready-to-cook seasoned ground beef (meatball) during refrigerated storage were investigated. Ground beef seasoned with mixed spices was packaged in varying O2 and CO2 levels and irradiated at 2 and 4 kGy. Irradiation (4 kGy) caused about 6 Log inactivation of the inoculated pathogens. Inactivation of Salmonella was 0.9- and 0.4-Log lower in 0 and 5% O2, respectively, compared to 21% O2. Irradiation at 2 and 4 kGy increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in meatballs by 0.12 and 0.28 mg malondialdehyde kg−1, respectively, compared to control. In reduced-O2 packages, radiation-induced oxidation was lower, and the initial color of an irradiated sample was maintained. Packaging with 0% + 50% CO2 or 5% O2 + 50% CO2 maintained the oxidative and the color quality of irradiated meatballs during 14-day refrigerated storage. MAP with 5%O2 + 50% CO2 combined with irradiation up to 4 kGy is suggested for refrigerated meatballs to reduce the foodborne pathogen risk and to maintain the quality

Türkiye’de erkek hemşire imgesi

Aim: This study has been conducted to determine men nurse image of the society. Methods: The study that was conducted in cross-sectional design was realized on 1482 persons. Questionnaire that is prepared by researchers were filled by discussing with cases face-to-face. Average, percentage methods were used in evaluation of data.Results: Age year average of cases within the scope of the research is 31.74 (SD=10.37, Minimum=18, Maximum=65) type and 56% woman and 43.5% is graduated from high school. 71.4% cases stated that they knew that men were able to work as nurse in Turkey; 62.6% stated that nursing was a profession to be performed both by women and men; 18.2% stated that only women had to take place in nursing profession; 71.7% stated that success of nurses in practice was more important than gender; 52.5% stated that men nurses would not lead any change in the profession; 31.4% stated that men nurses would not contribute in development of social status of nursing; 45.6% stated that men nurses had to work in every field in hospital environment, 39.7% stated that they had to work in fields such as intensive care, operating theatre and emergency department. 16.6% cases stated that they would be ashamed of care by men nurse, 15.9% cases stated that they would hesitate and 15.4% cases stated that they would be surprised. Conclusions: Men nurse image in Turkey is generally positive. However, a positive point of view against men nurses by all the society should be ensured. For this purpose, the society should be informed that profession and gender are not factors that affect quality of nursing care.Amaç: Bu çalışma, toplumun erkek hemşire imgesini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Yöntem: Kesitsel türde yapılan bu çalışma, 1482 kişi üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan soru formu, bireyler ile yüz yüze görüşülerek dolduruldu. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ortalama, yüzdelik yöntemleri kullanıldı.Bulgular: Bireylerin yaş yılı ortalamasının 31.74 (SS=10.37, Minimum=18, Maksimum=65), %56’sının kadın, %43.5’inin lise mezunu olduğu saptandı. Bireylerin %71.4’ü Türkiye’de erkeklerin de hemşirelik yapabileceğini bildiğini; %62.6’sı hemşireliğin hem kadınların hem de erkeklerin yapabileceği bir meslek olduğunu; %18.2’si hemşirelik mesleğinde sadece kadınların olması gerektiğini; %71.7’si hemşirelerin uygulamalardaki başarısının cinsiyetten daha önemli olduğunu; %52.5’i erkek hemşirelerin, meslekte herhangi bir değişime yol açmayacağını; %31.4’ü erkek hemşirelerin, hemşireliğin toplumsal statüsünün gelişmesine katkı sağlamayacağını; %45.6’sı erkek hemşirelerin, hastane ortamında her alanda, %39.7’si yoğun bakım, ameliyathane ve acil gibi alanlarda çalışması gerektiğini ifade etti. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamına alınan bireylerin %16.6’sı erkek hemşirenin bakım vermesinden utanacağını, %15.9’u çekineceğini, %15.4’ü şaşıracağını söyledi. Sonuç ve Öneri: Türkiye’de erkek hemşire imgesi genelde olumlu yöndedir. Fakat tüm toplumun erkek hemşireye bakış açısının olumlu olması sağlanmalıdır. Bu amaçla, toplum, cinsiyetin hemşirelik bakımının kalitesini etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir

The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article Effects of Irradiation Dose and O 2 and CO 2 Concentrations in Packages on Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria and Quality of Ready-to-Cook Seasoned Ground Beef Product (Meatball) during Refrigerated Storage

Combined effects of gamma irradiation and concentrations of O 2 (0, 5, 21%) and CO 2 (0, 50%) on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, lipid oxidation, and color changes in ready-to-cook seasoned ground beef (meatball) during refrigerated storage were investigated. Ground beef seasoned with mixed spices was packaged in varying O 2 and CO 2 levels and irradiated at 2 and 4 kGy. Irradiation (4 kGy) caused about 6 Log inactivation of the inoculated pathogens. Inactivation of Salmonella was 0.9-and 0.4-Log lower in 0 and 5% O 2 , respectively, compared to 21% O 2 . Irradiation at 2 and 4 kGy increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in meatballs by 0.12 and 0.28 mg malondialdehyde kg −1 , respectively, compared to control. In reduced-O 2 packages, radiation-induced oxidation was lower, and the initial color of an irradiated sample was maintained. Packaging with 0% + 50% CO 2 or 5% O 2 + 50% CO 2 maintained the oxidative and the color quality of irradiated meatballs during 14-day refrigerated storage. MAP with 5%O 2 + 50% CO 2 combined with irradiation up to 4 kGy is suggested for refrigerated meatballs to reduce the foodborne pathogen risk and to maintain the quality

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

Selection of critical habitats for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) based on behavioral data, in relation to marine traffic in the Istanbul Strait, Turkey

Marine traffic is a significant source of disturbance to the bottlenose dolphin population in the Istanbul Strait, Turkey. To determine the importance of this threat, behavioral data together with sighting data of both dolphins and marine vessels were assessed for 2012. The current study suggests that the Istanbul Strait is used mostly as a foraging ground for bottlenose dolphins. Nonetheless, in the same area there is intense marine traffic as well as increase of industrial fishing activities in autumn. The findings of this study indicated that high-speed ferries and high-speed boats were the most significant source of disturbance. Moreover, increased densities of fishing vessels resulted in a drastic decline of dolphin sightings. This study highlights that vessel type, speed, distance, and density have a cumulative negative effect on dolphins. In order to mitigate the impacts of vessels, it is necessary to establish managed areas in the Istanbul Strait. Such proposed areas should limit speed and density of marine traffic and have specific restrictions on vessel routes. We propose three different seasonal managed areas according to their values as critical habitat for bottlenose dolphins in the strait