PPAR gamma Pro 12Ala and C161T polymorphisms, but not PPAR alpha L162V, are associated with osteoporosis risk in Turkish postmenopausal women

Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) causes mesenchymal stem cells of the human bone marrow differentiate into adipocytes instead of osteoblasts leading to a decreased number of osteoblasts and a decrease in bone mineral density IBMD). Thus, PPARs may have impacts on bone metabolism. 224 postmenopausal women (171 osteoporotic and osteopenic, 53 healthy control) were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were performed to detect PPAR alpha L162V and PPAR gamma Pro12Ala/C161T polymorphisms. The distribution of PPAR gamma Pro12Ala genotype and allele frequencies was not statistically different in control and patient (osteopenic+osteoporotic) groups (p>0.05). However, in the patient group, subjects with "Pro12Pro" genotype had lower lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD values than those with "Ala" allele (p0.05). We suggested that PPAR gamma Pro12Ala and C161T gene variants might be contributing factors in the development of osteoporosis

Ameliorative effect of vanadium on oxidative stress in stomach tissue of diabetic rats

Between their broad spectrum of action, vanadium compounds are shown to have insulin mimetic/enhancing effects. Increasing evidence in experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and on the onset of diabetic complications. Thus, preventive therapy can alleviate the possible side effects of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the stomach tissue of diabetic rats. Male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control; control+vanadyl sulfate; diabetic; diabetic+vanadyl sulfate. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight). Vanadyl sulfate (100 mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, stomach tissues were taken and homogenized to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in the stomach tissue. CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, GST, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were increased in diabetic rats when compared to normal rats. Vanadium treatment significantly reduced the elevated activities of GR, GPx, GST compared with the diabetic group whereas the decreases in CAT, SOD, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were insignificant. No significant change was seen for MPO activity between the groups. It was concluded that vanadium could be used for its ameliorative effect against oxidative stress in diabetes

Ameliorative effect of vanadium on oxidative stress in stomach tissue of diabetic rats

Between their broad spectrum of action, vanadium compounds are shown to have insulin mimetic/enhancing effects. Increasing evidence in experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and on the onset of diabetic complications. Thus, preventive therapy can alleviate the possible side effects of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the stomach tissue of diabetic rats. Male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control; control+vanadyl sulfate; diabetic; diabetic+vanadyl sulfate. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight). Vanadyl sulfate (100 mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, stomach tissues were taken and homogenized to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in the stomach tissue. CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, GST, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were increased in diabetic rats when compared to normal rats. Vanadium treatment significantly reduced the elevated activities of GR, GPx, GST compared with the diabetic group whereas the decreases in CAT, SOD, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were insignificant. No significant change was seen for MPO activity between the groups. It was concluded that vanadium could be used for its ameliorative effect against oxidative stress in diabetes

Combined effects of collagen type I alphal (COL1A1) Spl polymorphism and osteoporosis risk factors on bone mineral density in Turkish postmenopausal women

Identification of risk factors for osteoporosis has been essential for understanding the development of osteoporosis. The collagen type I alphal (COL1A1) gene is suggested to be implicated in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis. In the present study, the investigation of the effects of Spl polymorphic variants of COL1A1 gene on BMD values, and the determination of the association between COL1A1 Spl gene variants and osteoporosis risk factors in the context of gene-environment interaction in Turkish postmenopausal women were aimed. For the detection of COL1A1 Spl polymorphism, PCR-RFLP techniques have been used. BMD for lumbar spine (L1-L4) and hip (femoral neck and total hip) was measured by DXA. This study was carried out using a sample of 254 postmenopausal women. We observed a trend decrease in BMD values in the subjects with "ss" genotype having lower BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip than those with "SS" and "Ss" genotype, however the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). We also found that the frequencies of the BMD under mean values at the femoral neck (57.5%) and total hip (76.2%) increased considerably in the subjects carrying "Ss/ss" genotypes in combination of having family history of osteoporosis (61.5% for femoral neck) and smoking history (90.0% for total hip). This population-based study indicates that COL1A1 Spl polymorphism may contribute to the development of osteoporosis in combination of osteoporosis risk factors in Turkish postmenopausal women. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Association between 3-Adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene polymorphism with body mass index and bone mineral density in Turkish postmenopausal women

Previous studies have suggested that beta 3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene is associated with body mass index (BMI), which is an important predictor of bone mineral density (BMD). However, little is known concerning the effect of the ADRB3 gene on BMD. The present study investigated the relationship between ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism, BMI and BMD in Turkish postmenopausal women. 133 postmenopausal women (81 osteoporotic and 52 healthy control) were recruited. For the detection of ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques have been used. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Distribution of ADRB3 Trp64Arg genotypes was similar in the study groups (p> 0.05). "Arg/Arg" genotype was not observed. In the osteoporotic group, subjects with "Trp/Trp" genotype tended to have lower BMI values compared to those with "Trp/Arg" genotype, the difference was closely tied to statistical significance (p= 0.052). Subjects with "Trp/Trp" genotype had also lower BMD values of femoral neck (p= 0.044) and total hip (p= 0.043) than those with "Trp/Arg" genotype. No significant effects of the ADRB3 Trp64Arg genotypes on BMI and BMD values were found in the control group. Our results suggested that ADRB3 Trp64Arg " Trp/Trp" genotype might be associated with osteoporosis risk by affecting body mass index and bone mineral density values in Turkish postmenopausal women

Headache in idiopathic/genetic epilepsy: Cluster analysis in a large cohort

Objective The link between headache and epilepsy is more prominent in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of headache and to cluster patients with regard to their headache and epilepsy features. Methods Patients aged 6-40 years, with a definite diagnosis of I/GE, were consecutively enrolled. The patients were interviewed using standardized epilepsy and headache questionnaires, and their headache characteristics were investigated by experts in headache. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed, and patients were clustered according to their epilepsy and headache characteristics using an unsupervised K-means algorithm. Results Among 809 patients, 508 (62.8%) reported having any type of headache; 87.4% had interictal headache, and 41.2% had migraine. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups for both adults and children/adolescents. In adults, subjects having a family history of headache, >= 5 headache attacks, duration of headache >= 24 months, headaches lasting >= 1 h, and visual analog scale scores > 5 were grouped in one cluster, and subjects with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were clustered in this group (Cluster 1). Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and epilepsy with GTCS alone were clustered in Cluster 2 with the opposite characteristics. For children/adolescents, the same features as in adult Cluster 1 were clustered in a separate group, except for the presence of JME syndrome and GTCS alone as a seizure type. Focal seizures were clustered in another group with the opposite characteristics. In the entire group, the model revealed an additional cluster, including patients with the syndrome of GTCS alone (50.51%), with >= 5 attacks, headache lasting >4 h, and throbbing headache; 65.66% of patients had a family history of headache in this third cluster (n = 99). Significance Patients with I/GE can be clustered into distinct groups according to headache features along with seizures. Our findings may help in management and planning for future studies