Synthesis and reduction reaction of novel triazole compounds in the solid-media condition by using microwave method

Some new triazole-3-one compounds have been synthesized and then reduction of carbonyl group in the molecule has been carried out to give a corresponding hydroxyl group which possesses asymmetric carbon atom in good yields, short reaction times and an eco-friendly approach in solvent-free condition by using microwave irradiation

Surface characterization and properties of ordered arrays of CeO2 nanoparticles embedded in thin layers of SiO2

We demonstrated the surface composite character down to the nanometer scale of SiO2-CeO2 composite high surface area materials, prepared using 5 nm colloidal CeO2 nanoparticle building blocks. These materials are made of a homogeneous distribution of CeO2 nanoparticles in thin layers of SiO2, arranged in a hexagonal symmetry as shown by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Since the preparation route of these composite materials was selected in order to produce SiO2 wall thickness in the range of the CeO2 nanoparticle diameter, these materials display surface nanorugosity as shown by inverse chromatography. Accessibility through the porous volume to the functional CeO2 nanoparticle surfaceswasevidenced throughanorganic acid chemisorption technique allowing quantitative determination of CeO2 surface ratio. This surface composite nanostructure down to the nanometer scale does not affect the fundamental properties of the functional CeO2 nanodomains, such as their oxygen storage capacity, but modifies the acid-base properties of the CeO2 surface nanodomains as evidenced by Fourier transform IR technique. These arrays of accessible CeO2 nanoparticles displaying high surface area and high thermal stability, along with the possibility of tuning their acid base properties, will exhibit potentialities for catalysis, sensors, etc

System Identification Of Dynamical Models For Signals Related To The Human Use Of Ethanol

The influence of genetics on the risk for alcoholism is a major theme in alcoholism research. Genetic research depends on phenotyping. However, accurate phenotyping of human use of alcohol is difficult. What are essentially video games with alcohol as a reward are being used to examine human use of alcohol in controlled circumstances. A generative model (containing parameters with unknown values) of a simple game involving a progressive work paradigm is described along with the associated pointprocess signal processing that allows system identification of the model. The system is demonstrated on human subject data. The same human subject playing the game under different circumstances, e.g., with and without a psychoactive drug, is assigned different parameter values. Potential meanings of the different parameter values are described. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models have been used to describe the distribution and elimination of ethanol after intravenous administration. Mathematically, these models are nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved and optimized, by using their gradient, to formulate and refine parameter identification and control strategies. The Hessian information is then used to design an optimal input to the system

Identifikasi Aroma Teh dengan E-Nose Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation

Teh merupakan salah satu minuman yang paling populer dan paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia. Setiap jenis teh memiliki aroma yang khas. Untuk membedakan jenis teh berdasarkan aromanya masih sulit karena banyaknya kesukaran teknis dalam penentuannya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu alat yang dapat mengidentifikasi aroma teh dengan baik dan tepat. Pada tugas akhir ini digunakan E-Nose yang menggunakan sensor gas TGS 2602, TGS 2620, TGS 2610, TGS 2622, dan TGS 822. Teh yang akan digunakan pada tugas akhir ini adalah teh hitam, teh hijau, teh melati, dan teh oolong. Pola data diperoleh dari pembacaan data dari aroma teh yang diujikan. Pola data tersebut lalu diolah menggunakan metode Backpropagation dengan 5 node input, 6 node hidden layer, dan 2 node output. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat yang digunakan dapat mendeteksi aroma teh dengan tingkat keberhasilan deteksi teh hitam 80%, teh hijau 100%, teh melati 90%, dan teh oolong 80%. Kata kunci: E-Nose, teh, backpropagatio

Wertorientierungen

The contributions to this volume consider the meaning and treatment of values in literature, literary analysis, and advertising in the Turkish-German context. The work of Selim Özdoğan is strongly featured alongside examinations of texts by Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Deniz Utlu, and Cihan Acar. An excerpt from the English-language translation of Özdoğan's novel The Blacksmith’s Daughter, a discussion between the author and translators, as well as reports and reviews round out the volume

Egg activation events are regulated by the duration of a sustained [Ca2+]cyt signal in the mouse

AbstractAlthough the dynamics of oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) play important roles in early mammalian development, the impact of the duration when [Ca2+]cyt is elevated is not known. To determine the sensitivity of fertilization-associated responses [i.e., cortical granule exocytosis, resumption of the cell cycle, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity, recruitment of maternal mRNAs] and developmental competence of the parthenotes to the duration of a [Ca2+]cyt transient, unfertilized mouse eggs were subjected to a prolonged [Ca2+]cyt change for 15, 25, or 50 min by means of repetitive Ca2+ electropermeabilization at 2-min intervals. The initiation and completion of fertilization-associated responses are correlated with the duration of time in which the [Ca2+]cyt is elevated, with the exception that autonomous CaMKII activity is down-regulated with prolonged elevated [Ca2+]cyt. Activated eggs from 25- or 50-min treatments readily develop to the blastocyst stage with no sign of apoptosis or necrosis and some implant. Ca2+ influx into unfertilized eggs causes neither Ca2+ release from intracellular stores nor rapid removal of cytosolic Ca2+. Thus, the total Ca2+ signal input appears to be an important regulatory parameter that ensures completion of fertilization-associated events and oocytes have a surprising degree of tolerance for a prolonged change in [Ca2+]cyt

Adult Body Weight Is Programmed by a Redox-Regulated and Energy-Dependent Process during the Pronuclear Stage in Mouse

In mammals fertilization triggers a series of Ca2+ oscillations that not only are essential for events of egg activation but also stimulate oxidative phosphorylation. Little is known, however, about the relationship between quantitative changes in egg metabolism and specific long-term effects in offspring. This study assessed whether post-natal growth is modulated by early transient changes in NAD(P)H and FAD2+ in zygotes. We report that experimentally manipulating the redox potential of fertilized eggs during the pronuclear (PN) stage affects post-natal body weight. Exogenous pyruvate induces NAD(P)H oxidation and stimulates mitochondrial activity with resulting offspring that are persistently and significantly smaller than controls. Exogenous lactate stimulates NAD+ reduction and impairs mitochondrial activity, and produces offspring that are smaller than controls at weaning but catch up after weaning. Cytosolic alkalization increases NAD(P)+ reduction and offspring of normal birth-weight become significantly and persistently larger than controls. These results constitute the first report that post-natal growth rate is ultimately linked to modulation of NAD(P)H and FAD2+ concentration as early as the PN stage