The Current Management at Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a common disease with a remarkable social impact. The semptoms of allerjic rhinitis include itching, nasal discharge and sneezing. Similar to lethargy, fatigue, somnolence, decreased cognition, difficulty in concentration and decreased sleep and appetite is commonly seen besides physical symptoms. The treatment of allergic rhinitis consists of allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2009; 18(3.000): 156-170

Nasal Glioma: Case report

Nasal gliomas are rare, benign, congenital tumors that are thought to be result of abnormality in embryonic development. Three types of clinical presentations have been recognized; extranasal, intranasal and combined. Clinically, these masses are non-pulsatile, gray or purple lesions that obstruct the nasal cavity and cause deformity extranasaly. Histologically, they are made up of astrocytic cells, fibrous and vascular connective tissue that is covered with nasal respiratory mucosa. Treatment of the nasal glioma requires a multidisciplinary approach including an radiologist, neurosurgeon and otorhinolaryngologist. Radiological investigation should be performed to describe intracranial extension. In this case, a 2 years old boy with nasal mass that was diagnosed as nasal glioma is reported. . [Cukurova Med J 2011; 36(1): 34-36

Otitis media with effusion:diagnosis and treatment

Otitis media with effusion (serous otitis media) is characterised by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane, without the symptoms or signs of acute infection. Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in children in the developed world. Hearing loss may be affected speech, cognitive, and psychological development of the childeren. In addition, otitis media with effusion is not only seen in children, this sign may present with signs of nasopharyngeal diseases. For this reason, especially in childhood otitis media with effusion should be treated by early diagnosis. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2013; 22(2.000): 194-208

Carbon Dioxide Laser Endoscopic Posterior Cordotomy Technique for Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis A 15-Year Experience

WOS: 000320855300012PubMed ID: 23519722Importance: Treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a considerable challenge for otolaryngologists. Many surgical techniques have been developed for the management of this entity to eliminate the need for tracheotomy. Objective: To evaluate the success of the unilateral carbon dioxide laser endoscopic posterior cordotomy technique for bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Design: A retrospective study. Setting: A university department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Participants: Sixty-six patients (58 women and 8 men) diagnosed as having bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis. Intervention: Endoscopic posterior cordotomy with the carbon dioxide laser. Main Outcome Measures: Decannulation and postoperative voice quality and exercise tolerance. Results: The most common etiologic factor was recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroidectomy, observed in 61 patients (92%); an unknown cause was observed in 5 (8%). Unilateral cordotomy sufficed in 58 patients (88%). We performed revision procedures for vocal cord granuloma in 4 patients (6%). Bilateral cordotomy was required for 4 patients (6%) with an insufficient airway. Postoperative tracheotomy was needed for only 4 patients owing to the edema in the operation site. These patients underwent decannulation within a mean period of 7 days. No patient had poor postoperative exercise tolerance. We found no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative voice quality using the 10-item Turkish version of the Voice Handicap Index. Conclusions and Relevance: Carbon dioxide laser endoscopic posterior cordotomy is a safe, minimally invasive, effective technique with a short operation time. A bilateral approach or a revision procedure is rarely required. Bilateral cordotomy should be reserved for patients with insufficient airway passage with unilateral cordotomy

Acute progressive midbrain hemorrhage after topical ocular cyclopentolate administration

Cyclopentolate is a synthetic anti-cholinergic agent widely used in ophthalmology clinics. It can cause cardiovascular side-effects such as hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias and tachycardias. A 55-year-old male lost his consciousness after topical cyclopentolate hydrocloride (1%) administration for routine fundoscopic examination in another center. An urgent cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed a midbrain hemorrhage and he was transferred to our hospital. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was at 4 points at admission. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated. Despite vigorous medical treatment, spontaneous respiration and brainstem reflexes disappeared 12 h after his administration. A control cranial computerized tomography showed enlargement and opening of the hemorrhage into the ventricular system. The patient died on the 12th day of his administration. Systemic side-effects of topical ocular cyclopentolate administration and prevention methods were discussed with regard to the current literature

Solitary Cystic Metastasis Of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: Two Cases Reports

The appearance of a solitary lateral cervical cystic mass as the only initial presenting symptom of occult thyroid carcinoma is uncommon. Its presence is often related with the more frequently branchial cyst in young adults, but also rarely related with thyroid carcinomas. In most of these cases all such lesions may initially be considered as metastatic foci from a primary thyroid lesion. However, an alternative explanation by means of which ectopic thyroid tissue is associated with a branchial cyst has to be considered, especially if no primary tumour is observed in the histological examination of the thyroid gland. We present two case of solitary cystic lymph node metastasis of occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. [Cukurova Med J 2011; 36(1.000): 29-33

The Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections in the Management of Sialorrhea

WOS: 000443089700011PubMed ID: 30197810Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Botulinum toxin type A by injecting in the submandibular and parotid glands on the frequency and severity of sialorrhea. Methods: Pediatric patients who were referred to our department with sialorrhea were evaluated using their parents' frequency and severity scores of sialorrhea with visual analog scales before and after 3 months of botulinum toxin type A injections. Bilateral submandibular and parotid glands were injected with Botulinum toxin type A. Results: Twenty-seven pediatric patients who were referred to our department with a complaint of sialorrhea were included in this study. Seventeen patients were female and 10 were male. Severe sialorrhea with cerebral palsy was present in all the patients. There were no complications after the procedure. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin A injected in the major salivary glands in pediatric patients with neurological disorders is a safe and effective method

Invasion of freshwater bodies in the Marmara region (northwestern Turkey) by nonnative gibel carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)

The aim of this study was to learn the invasion speed and sex ratio, which would be indicative of invasive character, of a nonnative fish species, gibel carp, by reporting its new localities in the Marmara region of northwestern Turkey. Whether the occurrence of gibel carp in freshwater bodies of the Marmara region was random (i.e. chance element) was tested. The question of population increase since first introduction was also examined. Among 14 new locations for gibel carp found during this study, the majority were in mostly lentic ecosystems. The invasion rate of gibel carp in the Marmara region, since its first introduction in the early 1980s, is approximately 1 new water body per year (1.17; number of sites invaded by gibel carp = 35). Females significantly outnumbered males in 10 out of the 12 populations studied, with the sex ratio deviating from unity (1:1) in all populations except 2. The regional extent of gibel carp occurrence increased with the number of years since first introduction (y = 1.34x - 2651.1, F = 47.41, P < 0.001, = 0.95). The implications for conservation of native fishes are discussed

Introduction and Establishment of Tropical Ornamental Fish, Pterygoplichthys Spp. (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in Hot Springs: Aquarium Trade as a Potential Risk for Biodiversity in Turkey

The aim of this study was to report non-native tropical ornamental freshwater fish species from the Pinarbasi Stream connected with hot-water sources in the Inonu Province (Eskisehir, Turkey). The morphological characters and meristic counts indicated that the examined specimens were: Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991), Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), and their hybrids. We also present the evidence of their reproduction and establishment. Successful invasion of these species was evident, as their young-of-the-year and juvenile individuals were caught during the samplings from the same water course. Finally, we discuss the management implications of these species.WoSScopu