Aviation: Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymers in

WOS: 000489145500013This chapter presents a review of polymers and composites used in the aviation industry with new developments and standard protocols. This chapter will enable the readers to understand the aviation industry from a polymer and materials science perspective. It helps to understand the rapid growth of the aviation industry with high demand of lightweight structures. the chapter deals with all aspects of polymers including thermoplastics, thermosets, and composites. Qualification tests and some tests are given to get a better understanding of polymeric materials used in the aviation industry. Finally, some recent new developments are presented with a futuristic outlook

Natural Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane Rigid Foam

WOS: 000405869900007The main objective of this study was to prepare polyurethane foam reinforced with local Turkish natural resources. In this work, olive kernel and nutshell fibers were used for reinforcing the polyurethane foam. In order to characterize reinforced polyurethane samples, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and morphological methods were used. Mechanical properties of polyurethane foam were measured by compression test. With compression test, it was observed that compressive strength of polyurethane foam was increased with 2.5 wt % olive kernel. Functional groups of polyurethane foams were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Thermal behavior of polyurethane foam was analyzed with thermogravimetric analyzer device. Among biocomposites, polyurethane foam filled with nutshell indicated higher thermal degradation than polyurethane foam filled with olive kernel. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that foam structure was formed with biofiber addition

Electrochemical Detection of a Cancer Biomarker mir-21 in Cell Lysates Using Graphene Modified Sensors

WOS: 000349558900008In the present study, the voltammetric and impidimetric detection of microRNA-21, mir-21 from cell lysates was investigated for the first time by using graphene modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (GME). The surface characterization of GME was performed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upon passive adsorption of inosine substituted antimicroRNA-21, antimir-21 probe, InP, onto the surface of GME and then solid phase hybridization of InP with mir-21, the target, the electrochemical detection was performed by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and EIS techniques. This developed biosensor, GME has presented a 2.77 times lower detection limit of 2.09 mg/mL (3.12 pmol) with respect to unmodified pencil graphite electrode (GE). Moreover it is capable of analyzing mir-21 in the cell lysates of mir-21 positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) contrast to mir-21 negative hepatoma cell line (HUH-7). The proposed electrochemical yes-no system does not require any purification and/or amplification step prior to fast detection of mir-21 from real samples.Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects, Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityIzmir Katip Celebi University [2013-1-FMBP-07]This work was supported by Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects, Izmir Katip Celebi University (Project No. 2013-1-FMBP-07). T.K acknowledges to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for National Scholarship Programme for PhD Students. The authors also would like to express their gratitudes to Dr. Gokhan Erdogan for SEM imaging

Investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of synthetic graphite and recycled carbon fiber filled polypropylene composites

###EgeUn###Suppressing the through-plane component of the thermal conductivity caused by synthetic graphite (SG) alignment was decreased by loading of recycled carbon fiber (CF) into SG loaded polypropylene (PP) composites. The effect of CF loading into SG loaded PP composites on thermal stability, viscoelastic, and morphological properties were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. CF loading into SG loaded PP composites increased through-plane conductivity considerably rather than in-plane conductivity. 20 wt% CF additions into 50 wt% SG increased through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity values by 12.5 and 1.3 times, respectively. Storage and loss moduli of composites significantly increased with the increasing fiber weight content, particularly 20 wt%. Besides, while SG decreases the mechanical properties of PP, CF loading into SG loaded PP composites increased the mechanical properties.Research Foundation of Izmir Katip Celebi University [2016-GAP-MUMF-0030]The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Research Foundation of Izmir Katip Celebi University (Project No: 2016-GAP-MUMF-0030)

Extraction and investigation of lightweight and porous natural fiber from Conium maculatum as a potential reinforcement for composite materials in transportation

The aim of the study is to evaluate the use of undervalued Conium maculatum plant fibersas a new potential for the reinforcement of composite materials. In this research, new natural cellulosic fibers were extracted from Conjoin maculatum plant using conventional water retting method. Mechanical strength, crystallography, thermal stability and chemical structure of Conium maculatumfibers were investigated by single fiber tensile testing, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Additionally, surface topography and surface chemistry were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. SEM images revealed that the fiber has a porous structure which is very critical for the transportation industry. XPS results indicated that the fiber surface is hydrophobic which is very critical for the composites prepared with hydrophobic matrices like polyolefin materials. Chemical composition of the fibers was also determined. The main components of Conium maculatumfibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were reported to be 49.5, 32.2 and 8.6%, respectively. The crystallinity index was stated as 46.4%. The fibers are thermally stable up to 260 degrees C. Tensile strength of Conium maculatum fibers were determined as 327.89 +/- 67.41 MPa. This research paper suggests a novel sustainable ecological material for reinforcement in polymeric composites

Lignocellulosic nanomaterials for bonstruction and building applications

Lignocellulosic nanomaterials are nanoscale materials derived from lignocellulosic biomass and having the length ranges from 1 to 100 nm. Generally, lignocellulosic biomass consisting of three main cell wall components, namely, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Building material represents a variety of materials that are used for construction purpose including wood and timber, fired bricks and clay blocks, steel, concrete, cement composites, etc. Construction and building materials can be simply classified as structural and nonstructural materials. Concrete, wood, and steel are three of the main structural materials. Lignocellulosic nanomaterials are able to enhance the properties of construction and building materials by acting as a reinforcement to the concrete, coating for woods, and nanofiller for polymer composites. This chapter provides an overview on the available types of lignocellulosic nanomaterials and their application in the production of construction and building materials. Limitations and challenges dealing with the application of lignocellulosic nanomaterials were also discussed