Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Turkish adult population epidemiology of sleep study

Sleep disorders constitute an important public health problem. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Turkish adult population was investigated in a nationwide representative sample of 5021 Turkish adults (2598 women and 2423 men, response rate: 91%) by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Insomnia was defined by the DSM‐IV criteria, habitual snoring and risk for sleep‐related breathing disorders (SDB) by the Berlin questionnaire, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by the Epworth sleepiness scale score, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) by the complaints according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. Mean age of the participants was 40.7 ± 15.1 (range 18 to 90) years. Prevalence rates (men/women) were insomnia 15.3% (10.5%/20.2%; P < 0.001), high probability of SDB 13.7% (11.1%/20.2%; P < 0.001), EDS 5.4% (5.0%/5.7%; P: 0.09), RLS 5.2% (3.0%/7.3%; P < 0.001). Aging and female gender were associated with higher prevalence of sleep disorders except for habitual snoring. Prevalence rates of the sleep disorders among Turkish adults based on the widely used questionnaires were close to the lower end of the previous estimates reported from different parts of the world. These findings would help for the assessment of the health burden of sleep disorders and addressing the risk groups for planning and implementation of health care

Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?

To the objective of this study is to evaluate the role and toxicity of radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy. In the years 2000–2003, 121 patients with malignant exophthalmos were treated with radiotherapy of the retrobulbar area to the total dose of 20 Gy in ten fractions with a 6 MeV photon beam. The treatment was performed by the team of the Clinic of Oncology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow. The radiotherapy was preceded by intravenous steroid therapy: methylprednisolone acetate administered at the dose of 2 g/week for four consecutive weeks. The highest efficacy, expressed as improvement of all ocular symptoms, was observed for the combined treatment. Female and non-diabetic patients responded positively to the combined treatment. Radiotherapy combined with steroid therapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy seems to be an effective treatment for strictly defined indications. In the treatment of Graves–Basedow disease, radiotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment modality. Diabetes is a factor that worsens prognosis in Graves ophthalmopathy and female sex is a favourable factor for this condition

Environmental performance evaluation of suppliers: A hybrid fuzzy multi criteria decision approach

Increasing environmental problems enforce companies to be more environmental responsible. A company's environmental performance is not only related to the company's inner environmental efforts, but also it is affected by the suppliers' environmental performance and image. As a stakeholder of the company, a supplier with bad environmental image affects badly the company's environmental image. Also, raw materials and semi-finished products supplied from out of the company recourses- suppliers- affects the products environmental features such as life cycle, re-usability, re-manufacturability, hazardous substances, etc. Considering these direct and indirect effects, managers should also consider environmental performances of their suppliers in their supplier evaluation process. In this paper, a methodology for the evaluation of suppliers' environmental performances is proposed. In this methodology, a hybrid Fuzzy-Analytic Network Process and Fuzzy-Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations approach is utilized. Additionally, a numerical example is given to foster the better understanding of the methodology and the obtained results are analyzed with sensitivity analyses

Immunoglobulin G4 related mastitis: A case report

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related sclerosing disease is a recently recognised condition characterised by mass forming lesions associated with storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4 positive plasma cells and elevated serum IgG4 levels. IgG4-related mastitis (IgG4-RM) is exceedingly rare with only thirteen cases reported in the literature to date.Immunoglobulin G4-RM is diagnosed exclusively on histological analysis. It is a benign chronic inflammatory process that can be treated sufficiently with excision or steroid. However, conservative treatment should be preferred and unnecessary surgery should be avoided as IgG4-RM respond to simple and effective steroid treatment. Herein, we presented a 28-year-old patient with IgG4-RM. She was the youngest patient in the literature at the time of her diagnosis.C1 [Atigan, Ayhan] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Denizli, Turkey.[Ozgen, Utku; Erdem, Ergun] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gen Surg, Denizli, Turkey.[Demirkan, Nese] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pf Pathol, Denizli, Turkey

Efekty zabiegów AVG i GA3 na proces opadania kwiatów żeńskich u orzecha odmiany 'Sebin'

Pistillate flower abortion (PFA) in walnuts is defined as the drop of female flowers with or without pedicles within 10–15 days after flowering. This situation is commonly observed in some walnut cultivars causes dramatic yield losses. ‘Şebin’ is a popular walnut cultivar among farmers in Turkey due to the quality of its fruit, yield and ease of marketability. However, in some orchards, established with this cultivar, has a fruitlessness problem. In the present study, the effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, the commercial brand name is ReTain) (0, 62.5 and 125 ppm doses) and AVG plus GA3 (45, 135 and 270 ppm doses) treatments to prevent abortion in cv. ‘Şebin’ were investigated. The experiments were conducted in two different ecologies. The treatments were carried out just before the receptivity period of female flowers of cv. ‘Şebin’. The results showed that, the female flower abortion ratio of ‘Şebin’ walnut cultivar were 87.78% in Tokat ecology and 77.78% in Niksar ecology. The fruit set ratio by 125 ppm AVG treatment was determined to be 60.89% for Niksar and 57.56% for Tokat ecological conditions. The highest fruit set was obtained from 125 ppm AVG combined 270 ppm GA3 treatment and this ratio was determined to be 93.89% for Niksar ecological conditions whereas it was determined to be 83.33% for Tokat ecological conditions. As a result, it was found that AVG alone or in combination with GA3 is effective treatments in reducing female flower abortion for ‘Şebin’ walnut cultivar.Opadanie kwiatów żeńskich u orzechów określa się jako spadanie żeńskich kwiatów z szypułkami lub bez, w ciągu 10–15 dni po kwitnieniu. Zjawisko to, powszechnie obserwowane u pewnych odmian orzecha, powoduje znaczne straty w plonie. ‘Şebin’ jest popularną odmianą orzecha wśród farmerów w Turcji ze względu na jej owoce, plon oraz łatwość sprzedaży. Jednak niektóre sady założone z tą odmianą mają problem braku owoców. Niniejsze badanie określa wpływ zabiegów aminoetoksywinyloglicyną (AVG, nazwa handlowa ReTain) (w dawkach 0, 62,5 i 125 ppm) oraz AVG plus GA3 (dawki 45, 135 oraz 270 ppm) stosowanych, aby zapobiec opadaniu. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono w dwóch różnych lokalizacjach. Zabiegi przeprowadzono tuż przed okresem receptywności żeńskich kwiatów odmiany ‘Şebin’. Wyniki pokazały, że wskaźnik opadania kwiatów odmiany ‘Şebin’ wynosił 87,78% w uprawie w Tokat oraz 77,78% w uprawie w Niksar. Współczynnik zawiązanych kwiatów pod wpływem zabiegu 125 ppm AVG określono jako 60,89% dla Niksar oraz 57,56% dla ekologicznych warunków Tokat. Najwięcej zawiązanych kwiatów osiągnięto przy zabiegu 125 ppm AVG w połączeniu z 270 ppm GA3: 93,89% dla warunków ekologicznych Niksar oraz 83,33% dla warunków ekologicznych Tokat. W rezultacie stwierdzono, że sam AVG lub w kombinacji z GA3 jest efektywnych zabiegiem ograniczającym spadanie kwiatów dla odmiany orzecha ‘Şebin’