650 research outputs found
Effects of rootstocks and irrigation levels on grape quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz
The influence of two rootstocks (SO4 and 1103P) on grape quality and berry chemical composition was studied in a factorial experiment, in field grown grapevines of cv. Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.), subjected to five irrigation levels [0% (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5) of irrigation depth (IW, mm): Class A pan evaporimeter (CPE)]. Spectrophotometric analyses of total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolics (TP) and total antioxidant activity (AA) in grape extracts were performed. Also, total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity, pH, total sugar content, ash, juice yield and color index of red grapes (CIRG) of berry samples were determined. TA, TP, AA, TSS, total sugar content, ash, and CIRG valuesdecreased together with increasing irrigation levels. On the contrary, T4 and T5 irrigation treatments increased total acidity, pH and juice yield of samples compared to the effects of T1, T2 and T3 irrigation treatments for both rootstocks. Moreover, T1 or T2 treatments caused an increase in TA, TP, AA, TSS, total sugar content, ash, and CIRG index values of grape samples in comparison to that of vines irrigated with T3, T4 and T5 levels. Grape quality response to irrigation levels was altered by rootstocksand quality of grapes harvested from vines grafted on SO4 was higher compared to those from 1103P under all irrigation treatments. Based on the findings, it was suggested that T2 irrigation level might be sufficient to guarantee Shiraz yield potential without significant loss in grape quality under the study conditions. Also, the results make it possible to recommend use of SO4 rootstock under non-limiting water conditions because of its positive on grape quality parameters, while 1103P might be better choice under water-limiting conditions
Interleukin (IL)ā12 and IL-23 Are Key Cytokines for Immunity against Salmonella in Humans
Patients with inherited deficiency of the interleukin (IL)ā12/IL-23āinterferon (IFN)āg axis show increased susceptibility to invasive disease caused by the intramacrophage pathogens salmonellae and mycobacteria. We analyzed data on 154 patients with such deficiency. Significantly more patients with IL-12/IL-23ācomponent deficiency had a history of salmonella disease than did those with IFN-gācomponent deficiency. Salmonella disease was typically severe, extraintestinal, and caused by nontyphoidal serovars. These findings strongly suggest that IL-12/IL-23 is a key cytokine for immunity against salmonella in humans and that IL-12/IL-23 mediates this protective effect partly through IFN-gāindependent pathways. Investigation of the IL-12/IL-23āIFN-g axis should be considered in patients with invasive salmonella disease
Capacity Gaps in Post Disaster Waste Management: Case Study in Sri Lanka
Disaster waste is one of the major consequences aftermath of any disaster, impacts on public and environment, rescue and emergency services, provision of lifeline support and socio-economic recovery of affected areas. Thus, management of wastes created by disasters has become an increasingly important issue to be addressed in responding to a disaster. This chapter intends to present the prevailing gaps in disaster waste management and approaches to minimize the impacts on disaster management at developing countries with special emphasis to Sri Lankan context. Findings revealed that, unavailability of single point responsibility and provisions for disaster waste in existing policies and capacity constraints of the prevailing peace time solid waste management practices as major capacity gaps. Establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations with necessary levels of capacities were identified with seven areas for capacity building for post disaster waste management. The research enabled to attain sustainable post disaster waste management for future resilience
Interpolation function of the genocchi type polynomials
The main purpose of this paper is to construct not only generating functions
of the new approach Genocchi type numbers and polynomials but also
interpolation function of these numbers and polynomials which are related to a,
b, c arbitrary positive real parameters. We prove multiplication theorem of
these polynomials. Furthermore, we give some identities and applications
associated with these numbers, polynomials and their interpolation functions.Comment: 14 page
New identities involving q-Euler polynomials of higher order
In this paper we give new identities involving q-Euler polynomials of higher
order.Comment: 11 page
Residual Type 1 Immunity in Patients Genetically Deficient for Interleukin 12 Receptor Ī²1 (IL-12RĪ²1): Evidence for an IL-12RĪ²1āIndependent Pathway of IL-12 Responsiveness in Human T Cells
Genetic lack of interleukin 12 receptor Ī²1 (IL-12RĪ²1) surface expression predisposes to severe infections by poorly pathogenic mycobacteria or Salmonella and causes strongly decreased, but not completely abrogated, interferon (IFN)-Ī³ production. To study IL-12RĪ²1āindependent residual IFN-Ī³ production, we have generated mycobacteriumāspecific T cell clones (TCCs) from IL-12RĪ²1ādeficient individuals. All TCCs displayed a T helper type 1 phenotype and the majority responded to IL-12 by increased IFN-Ī³ production and proliferative responses upon activation. This response to IL-12 could be further augmented by exogenous IL-18. IL-12RĪ²2 was found to be normally expressed in the absence of IL-12RĪ²1, and could be upregulated by IFN-Ī±. Expression of IL-12RĪ²2 alone, however, was insufficient to induce signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 activation in response to IL-12, whereas IFN-Ī±/IFN-Ī±R ligation resulted in Stat4 activation in both control and IL-12RĪ²1ādeficient cells. IL-12 failed to upregulate cell surface expression of IL-18R, integrin Ī±6, and IL-12RĪ²2 on IL-12RĪ²1ādeficient cells, whereas this was normal on control cells. IL-12āinduced IFN-Ī³ production in IL-12RĪ²1ādeficient T cells could be inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580 and the MAP kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor U0126, suggesting involvement of MAP kinases in this alternative, Stat4-independent, IL-12 signaling pathway
- ā¦