Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of blood culture isolates from patients of rural tertiary care hospital

Microbial invasion of blood stream is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Identification of bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from blood culture would guide the antibiotics treatment for patients with bacteremia. 1) To determine age – wise blood culture positivity rate in bacteremia 2) To identify age – wise common bacterial species isolates in bacteremia 3) To determine Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates. Atotal of 247 blood culture samples received from various clinical departments of rural teaching hospital from August 2013 to September 2015 were included in the study. Samples were collected in brain heart infusion broth. Identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility was done as per standard microbiological methods. Out of 247 specimens bacteria sp. was isolated from 46 (18.62%) samples. Blood culture positivity was noted highest among neonates age group (38.71%). Lowest rate was observed among elders (4.55%). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONs), and S. aureus were common blood culture isolates. In neonates Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate. Out of 27 gram negative bacilli, 14 (51.85%) were extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) positive. High resistance was noted against amoxycillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and third generation cephalosporins in all gram negative organisms except, S. typhi. Out of 12 Staphylococcus sp., none of these were methicillin resistant. Routine antibiotic susceptibility surveillance helps in choice of antibiotics for treatment, identification of resistance and control of its spread. Published by the International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM

Impact of Climate Condition on Flowering, Fruiting, Kernel and Nut-yield In Newly Added Potential Growing Areas of Cashewnut in India- A Review

Cashew is now an important Horticulture plant for India and now India is exporting cashew at a good scale. Traditional Indian growing area comprises the parts of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states. However, now new areas are coming up with good potential for cultivation such as Gujarat, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andaman and Nicobar island, North Earsten Hilly States. Cashew cultivars are recommended based on geographical distribution, climate, soil based on these flowering and fruiting time. Cashew nut yield and kernel weight can be different for different varieties and so on its quality with shelling can vary. Flowering and fruiting is greatly influenced by rain because it starts flowering after monsoon, which is greatly influenced by the onset and offset of Indian monsoon that India varies from state to state as India has north-east monsoon and south-west monsoon. Moreover, soil characteristics across India varies widely. Integrated effect of soil, rainfall and temperature drives the optimum growth of cashew trees, which resulted in the change in yield and quality of cashew nuts. The present review paper addresses many of these drivers and their impact on cashew produce in India. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i3.00

Linking the evolution of terrestrial interiors and an early outgassed atmosphere to astrophysical observations

A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain so if subject to intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations continue to favour the detection and characterisation of hot planets, potentially with large outgassed atmospheres. We aim to determine the radius of hot Earth-like planets with large outgassed atmospheres and explore differences between molten and solid silicate planets and their influence on the mass-radius relationship and transmission and emission spectra. An interior-atmosphere model, combined with static structure calculations, tracks the evolving radius of a rocky mantle that is outgassing CO$_2$ and H$_2$O. Synthetic emission and transmission spectra are generated for CO$_2$ and H$_2$O dominated atmospheres. Atmospheres dominated by CO$_2$ suppress the outgassing of H$_2$O to a greater extent than previously realised, as previous studies have applied an erroneous relationship between volatile mass and partial pressure. We therefore predict more H$_2$O can be retained by the interior during the later stages of magma ocean crystallisation. Furthermore, formation of a lid at the surface can tie outgassing of H$_2$O to the efficiency of heat transport through the lid, rather than the atmosphere's radiative timescale. Contraction of the mantle as it solidifies gives $\sim5\%$ radius decrease, which can partly be offset by addition of a relatively light species to the atmosphere. We conclude that a molten silicate mantle can increase the radius of a terrestrial planet by around $5\%$ compared to its solid counterpart, or equivalently account for a $13\%$ decrease in bulk density. An outgassing atmosphere can perturb the total radius according to its speciation. Atmospheres of terrestrial planets around M-stars that are dominated by CO$_2$ or H$_2$O can be distinguished by observing facilities with extended wavelength coverage (e.g., JWST).Comment: 19 pages, published in A&A, abstract shortene

Effect of Untreated Wollastonite on Mechanical Properties of Nylon6

Nylon-6/untreated Wollastonite composites were prepared with different loading of 15, 25 and 35 % w/w of Wollastonite (acicular ratio-15-20%) by co-rotating twin screw extruder. Mechanical properties of injection molded specimens of Nylon-6/ untreated Wollastonite composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties like flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, hardness and abrasion resistance were evaluated for these composites. Wollastonite improves flexural modulus, flexural strength, hardness and abrasion resistance of the composites. The results suggest application of Nylon-6/Wollastonite in automotive parts, electric motors, gears, power tool housings etc. Due to fibrous nature, Wollastonite replacing short milled glass fibers for both thermoplastics & thermo-sets and short-fiber Asbestos which are hazardous to human health as well as difficult to handle. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15077

Study on Effect of Wollastonite on the Thermal Properties of Nylon-6 and Morphological Analysis

Nylon-6/Wollastonite composites were prepared with different concentration of 15, 25 and 35 % w/w of Wollastonite (acicular ratio-15-20%) by co-rotating twin screw extruder. Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of injection molded specimens of Nylon-6/ Wollastonite composites was evaluated; Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were studied for these composites. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of tensile fractured sample was revealed uniformity of filler distribution throughout the matrix of Nylon-6/Wollastonite. Wollastonite improves Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) of the Nylon-6/Wollastonite composites with reduction of product cost. The results suggest application of Nylon-6/Wollastonite in automotive parts, electric motors, gears, power tool housings etc. Due to fibrous nature, Wollastonite replacing short milled glass fibers for both thermoplastics & thermo-sets and short-fiber Asbestos which are hazardous to human health as well as difficult to handle. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15076

Effect of untreated Cenosphere on Mechanical properties of Nylon-6

Untreated CS-PA 6 composites were prepared with different loading (10, 20 and 30 % w/w) of CS (5-100 µm) by co-rotating twin screw extruder. Injection molded specimens were prepared to evaluate mechanical properties of developed composites. Mechanical properties like Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Tensile strength, Impact strength, and Hardness and Abrasion resistance were evaluated for these composites. Addition of Cenosphere improves flexural modulus, flexural strength, and hardness and abrasion resistance besides reducing cost of the final product. As Cenospheres are generated from fly ash in thermal power plant, they are environment friendly, eco-friendly and help to preserve natural virgin filler. The results suggest application of Cenosphere filled Nylon-6 in light weight automotive parts instead of glass filled Nylon-6. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15076

CFD Modeling of Globe Valves for Oxygen Application

Components used in high-pressure, high-temperature, flowing oxygen are susceptible to ignition and combustion in presence of restriction or when particles impact these restriction. The valves in any systems are the common flow restrictors, hence, the design and analyses of valves are most critical tasks. The flow of oxygen through valves distinguishes itself by accentuating auto-ignition and consequent flame propagation in metals and non-metals, apart from other usual characteristics present with gases/liquids. The combination of ignition resistance, proper and reliable performance and fabrication economy marks the specification of material and design of valves in oxygen-enriched environment. The analyses have been performed by applying the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT, to obtain the solution of the two-dimensional turbulent flow field through a globe valve for its different openings in the GOX environment. The flow control valves in high velocity oxygen systems for different openings are simulated for turbulence and eddy dissipation. The influence of pressure, flow rate and opening of the valve on the rise in temperature and eddy dissipation rate is also obtained for compressible flow range. The simulation for turbulence is done by k- and k- turbulence models and the results have been compared

Continuous Uniform Finite Time Stabilization of Planar Controllable Systems

Continuous homogeneous controllers are utilized in a full state feedback setting for the uniform finite time stabilization of a perturbed double integrator in the presence of uniformly decaying piecewise continuous disturbances. Semiglobal strong $\mathcal{C}^1$ Lyapunov functions are identified to establish uniform asymptotic stability of the closed-loop planar system. Uniform finite time stability is then proved by extending the homogeneity principle of discontinuous systems to the continuous case with uniformly decaying piecewise continuous nonhomogeneous disturbances. A finite upper bound on the settling time is also computed. The results extend the existing literature on homogeneity and finite time stability by both presenting uniform finite time stabilization and dealing with a broader class of nonhomogeneous disturbances for planar controllable systems while also proposing a new class of homogeneous continuous controllers

Evaluation of Thermal and Morphological Properties of Nylon 6/Cenosphere Composites

PA6/CS composites were prepared with different loading (10, 20 and 30 % w/w) of CS (5-100 µm) by co-rotating twin screw extruder. Injection molded specimens were prepared to evaluate thermal properties of developed composites. Thermal properties like Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were evaluated for these composites. Morphological properties were also studied for these composites. Addition of Cenosphere improves HDT of Nylon 6 besides reducing cost of the final product. SEM of fractured surface revealed the evenly distribution of Cenosphere in the matrix. As Cenospheres are generated from fly ash in thermal power plant, they are environment friendly, eco-friendly and help to preserve natural virgin filler. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15076

Best Practices for Operations of Satellite Constellations

This paper presents the best practices used by several commercial and government operators of satellite constellations. These best practices were identified through a series of seminars and discussions held at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The best practices are arrived through many years of experience and improvements made in the operations procedures and the operational systems with the primary drivers as mission safety and cost effectiveness. This paper discusses the operational aspects associated with how different organizations manage complexities of constellation operations. For the purposes of this paper, satellite constellations are groups of similar spacecraft with more than one spacecraft needed to fully accomplish the constellation's missio