Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in bubble columns and packed bubble columns at elevated pressures

Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups have been determined at pressures up to 1.85 MPa in a bubble column with a diameter of 85.5 mm and for superficial gas velocities between 1 and 10 cm s−1. In some experiments the bubble column was packed with glass cylinders of length 5.0 mm and diameter 4.0 mm. The interfacial areas were determined by the chemical method using the model reaction between CO2 and aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) and hold-ups by observation of height differences.\ud \ud The interfacial areas in the packed bubble column are unaffected by pressure. The gas hold-ups as well as the interfacial areas in the bubble column increase with increasing operating pressure. The magnitude of the pressure influence depends on the superficial gas velocity. The positive influence of pressure on the gas hold-ups and the interfacial in the bubble column originates from the formation of smaller bubbles at the gas distributor

A FIR grating polychromator using conical diffraction as a diagnostic tool for ECE plasma measurements

A new 6(12) grating polychromator based on the principle of conical diffraction has been designed for the millimetre wavelength range. The application will be the study of electron cyclotron emission spectra of large tokamaks. The conical diffraction principle has two relevant advantages, namely a wavelength-independent efficiency and a very large wavelength range, accessible by one grating, 85-425GH2. The experimental dispersion and imaging characteristics are shown. The resolution of the instrument is shown to depend linearly on 1, which combined with the typical l/R dependence of the tokamak magnetic field gives almost constant spatial resolution in the line of sight. The spectral range of the instrument (4,i. : 0.33 mm independent of grating angle) results in a spatial coverage of the plasma in second harmonic radiation of Ld ld : 0.03 Aoe, where d is the diameter of the plasma, Bo the magnetic field on axis and e the inverse aspect ratio, Rla. The radiation is detected by cryogenically-cooled InSb, with ryl ps temporal resolution. The theoretical efficiency is given

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A Rotating Profile Scanner for Medium-Sized Particle Beams

A new type of a rotating beam profile scanner has been developed. The diagnostic is applied to determine the current, the profile and also the position of particle beams with intensities of up to 1 kW/cm2. The profiles are reconstructed by tomographic analysis

1st Measurements of the Toroidal Rotation of the Bulk Ions at Textor by Rutherford Scattering

The Rutherford scattering diagnostic at TEXTOR was used to determine the central toroidal rotation speed of the hydrogenic bulk ions in the plasma. During neutral beam injection speeds of the order of 10(5) ms-1 were found. With balanced injection no rotation was observed. A first comparison with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy showed, within the accuracy of the methods, no difference in the derived speeds, in agreement with neoclassical theory. The momentum confinement time of the central hydrogenic ions was found to decrease with the neutral beam power as approximately 1/square-root P(NBI)

A Rotating Profile Scanner for Medium-Sized Particle Beams

A new type of a rotating beam profile scanner has been developed. The diagnostic is applied to determine the current, the profile and also the position of particle beams with intensities of up to 1 kW/cm2. The profiles are reconstructed by tomographic analysis

A. bisporus mRNA for polyphenoloxidase 2

EMBL databank accession X89382, Jul