AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OF IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE: EVIDENCES FROM VALUE BELIEF NORM (VBN) AND WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY THEORY

The study investigated the economic analysis of solid waste management of Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State: Evidences from value belief norm (VBN) and willingness-to-pay theory. The study distributed two hundred and fifty (250) to both household and contractors and two hundred questionnaires was distributed to household while fifty questionnaires for contractors. The methods used include descriptive statistic, cross tabulation, both ordinary least square (OLS) and logistic regression as well as gross margin and net income analysis. The OLS regression result revealed that income of the household, educational status, age and sex are the factors that determine the amount pay to Ibadan waste management per month in Ibadan metropolis while the factors that determine willingness-to-pay for environmental goods in Ibadan metropolis from logistic regression are income of the household, household size, educational status, occupation and sex and they are inelastic in nature. Furthermore, gross margin and net income from waste management business to the contractors sampled are N100,408.5299 and N86,852.20 per month respective. The study recommended that contractors in the study area can jointly establish recycle plants where they can recycle waste and make more income from the recycled products. Waste management contractors should be prompt in their service delivery. Also, every household should have solid waste facilities such as garbage bin and dustbin for easy disposal. Lastly, government should re-introduced the monthly sanitation in order to make a lot of household become more conscious of the purity of their surroundings

Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment?

The study adds to the argument of whether trade is good or bad for the environment by looking at the impact of trade on the environment in the presence of the level of income as a moderating variable, using both the EKC and the pollution haven hypothesis. The study used both the OLS and IV because OLS estimates rely on all of the natural variations that exist across the entire sample, while IV estimates are derived only from the variation attributable to the (exogenous) instrument. The study discovered that trade reduces SO2 micrograms per cubic meter among the countries selected for the study. The study found a similar result with the OLS when using IV, but the difference is that under the OLS, trade openness (intensity) greatly affected SO2 since it was significant at a 1% level of significance, while trade openness (intensity) moderately affected SO2 because it was significant at a 10% level of significance. The study also found out from the pollution haven hypotheses that all countries selected, both OECD and non-OECD, are not at a trade disadvantage and rich countries do not transfer emissions to poor countries via trade advantage. The assertion that trade inspires some countries to concentrate on unclean environmental products was rejected

Does Trade in Medical Products Improve Health Outcomes in Nigeria? A Macro-Level Analysis

This study examined the relationship between trade in medical products and health outcomes in Nigeria. Annual time series data ranging from 1980 to 2016 was sourced from Business Monitor International (BMI, 2017), World Development Indicators (WDI, 2018) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2018) was used for the study. The study make used of Grossman health demand theory and health outcome was measured by three indicators which are infant mortality rate (less than one), infant mortality rate (less than five) and life expectancy. The independent variables used in the model include trade in medical product, health finance, growth rate of gross domestic product, sanitation facilities, urbanization, education and total fertility rate. From the estimated results of ECM, trade in medical product reduces both infant mortality rate less than one, infant mortality rate less than five and life expectancy but reduction in terms of infant mortality rate less than one and that of infant mortality rate less indicates that trade in medical product improve health outcomes while the reduction in terms of life expectancy shows that trade in medical product worsen health outcomes in Nigeria. Therefore, trade in medical product only improve infant mortality rate less than one and that of five but worsen life expectancy. Most of the medical product has their side effect at old age. Therefore, the study recommended that there should be more investment in trade in medical product in Nigeria in other for both infant mortality rate (less than one) and infant mortality rate (less than five) to be improve more significantly. The investment in trade in medical product should be on product that will also lead to increase in life expectancy and there should be a control on the number of children given birth to by individual household in Nigeria.&nbsp

The Effect of CO2 Emissions on Quality of Life in Anglophone Countries in West Africa

West African countries faced severe ecological hazards that affect the quality of life of the countries. An estimated seven million folks annually die from emission-related diseases in this region. Several health-harmful emission pollutants conjointly injury the climate and reducing emission pollution would save lives and facilitate slow the pace of near-term global climate change. The study used number of environmental factors that have a promising impact on Anglophone Countries in West Africa’s quality of life. The period covered in the research work was from 1990 to 2018 using panel quantile regression. The result obtained showed that the CO2 emission that can affect the quality of life of Anglophone countries in West Africa are CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from transport. Other control variables that have influence on quality of life were health expenditure, mortality rate and fertility rate. Therefore, the policy makers should implement policies (like energy conservation policies) that will control emission from gaseous fuel consumption, emissions from liquid fuel consumption, emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, emissions from solid fuel consumption and emissions from transport. Also, health sector has to be properly cater for by spending more on health and this can only increase the health outcomes and also the quality of life among the countries

The Effect of CO2 Emissions on Quality of Life in Anglophone Countries in West Africa

West African countries faced severe ecological hazards that affect the quality of life of the countries. An estimated seven million folks annually die from emission-related diseases in this region. Several health-harmful emission pollutants conjointly injury the climate and reducing emission pollution would save lives and facilitate slow the pace of near-term global climate change. The study used number of environmental factors that have a promising impact on Anglophone Countries in West Africa’s quality of life. The period covered in the research work was from 1990 to 2018 using panel quantile regression. The result obtained showed that the CO2 emission that can affect the quality of life of Anglophone countries in West Africa are CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from transport. Other control variables that have influence on quality of life were health expenditure, mortality rate and fertility rate. Therefore, the policy makers should implement policies (like energy conservation policies) that will control emission from gaseous fuel consumption, emissions from liquid fuel consumption, emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services, emissions from solid fuel consumption and emissions from transport. Also, health sector has to be properly cater for by spending more on health and this can only increase the health outcomes and also the quality of life among the countries

Does Trade in Medical Products Improve Health Outcomes in Nigeria? A Macro-Level Analysis

This study examined the relationship between trade in medical products and health outcomes in Nigeria. Annual time series data ranging from 1980 to 2016 was sourced from Business Monitor International (BMI, 2017), World Development Indicators (WDI, 2018) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2018) was used for the study. The study make used of Grossman health demand theory and health outcome was measured by three indicators which are infant mortality rate (less than one), infant mortality rate (less than five) and life expectancy. The independent variables used in the model include trade in medical product, health finance, growth rate of gross domestic product, sanitation facilities, urbanization, education and total fertility rate. From the estimated results of ECM, trade in medical product reduces both infant mortality rate less than one, infant mortality rate less than five and life expectancy but reduction in terms of infant mortality rate less than one and that of infant mortality rate less indicates that trade in medical product improve health outcomes while the reduction in terms of life expectancy shows that trade in medical product worsen health outcomes in Nigeria. Therefore, trade in medical product only improve infant mortality rate less than one and that of five but worsen life expectancy. Most of the medical product has their side effect at old age. Therefore, the study recommended that there should be more investment in trade in medical product in Nigeria in other for both infant mortality rate (less than one) and infant mortality rate (less than five) to be improve more significantly. The investment in trade in medical product should be on product that will also lead to increase in life expectancy and there should be a control on the number of children given birth to by individual household in Nigeria

Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment?

The study adds to the argument of whether trade is good or bad for the environment by looking at the impact of trade on the environment in the presence of the level of income as a moderating variable, using both the EKC and the pollution haven hypothesis. The study used both the OLS and IV because OLS estimates rely on all of the natural variations that exist across the entire sample, while IV estimates are derived only from the variation attributable to the (exogenous) instrument. The study discovered that trade reduces SO2 micrograms per cubic meter among the countries selected for the study. The study found a similar result with the OLS when using IV, but the difference is that under the OLS, trade openness (intensity) greatly affected SO2 since it was significant at a 1% level of significance, while trade openness (intensity) moderately affected SO2 because it was significant at a 10% level of significance. The study also found out from the pollution haven hypotheses that all countries selected, both OECD and non-OECD, are not at a trade disadvantage and rich countries do not transfer emissions to poor countries via trade advantage. The assertion that trade inspires some countries to concentrate on unclean environmental products was rejected