Rudimentary Hypoplastic Suprascapular Notch with Posterior Groove Extension in a Nigerian Scapula

Variations in size and shapes of Suprascapular Notch (SSN) are documented etiological factors associated with Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (SNES). During routine bone collection for teaching purposes, a rudimentary hypoplastic “V” shaped SSN was found in a Nigerian scapula. The SSN extended posteriorly into a shallow groove which continued posteriorly as a curved ridge ending on a large nutrient foramen. Knowledge of anatomical Variation of SSN is important for accurate localization of site of suprascapular nerve (SN) entrapment. Keywords: rudimentary, hypoplastic, posterior groove, suprascapular notch

Morphometric Study of Diaphyseal Nutrient Foramen in dried Nigerian femurs: Implications for Microvascular bone graft.

The femur is supplied principally by the diaphyseal nutrient artery which enters the bone through the diaphyseal nutrient foramen (DNF). This supply is vital for the process of bone ossification, growth and healing. Surgically aided bone defect repair such as microvascular bone graft, relies greatly on the vascularity of the femur for survival of donor and recipient bones. This study analyzed the number and location of DNF in 95 dried adult Nigerian femurs (43 rights, 52 lefts) of unknown sexes. The direction of the nutrient canal with respect to the growing end and the foramen Index (FI) were also determined. Majority of the bones (77.89%) had single DNF while only 21.1% had double. The single DNF was located on the Linea aspera (LA) in 48.42%, on the medial lip of LA in 17.89%, on the lateral lip of LA in 12.63%, on the medial surface in 18.95% and on the lateral surface in 2.11%. Double DNF occurred most frequently on the medial surface and Linea aspera. The mean foramen index was 42.46 and all, but one, femurs had their nutrient canal directed away from the growing end. The occurrence of DNF is frequent in the postero- medial surface, less frequent in the lateral surface and rare in anterior surface of the shaft. Adequate knowledge of the location of DNF is important for improving the outcome of microvascular bone graft and ensuring adequate endo-periosteal blood flow. Keywords: Diaphyseal nutrient foramen, femur, Microvascular bone graft, Foramen index

A Literature Significance of Formal Education, Informal Education and Religion as a Growth Mechanism in Africa

This paper aims to give a literature view on the importance of religion, formal tertiary education and informal education on the communal growth and human development in Africa. The study shows that different religions in Africa have similar ethical standards and preaches the fundamental principles of good morals. Also, formal and informal education has a pivotal role in the collective development of human minds leading the subsequent national development. Again, if these principles of good morals and good human values are upheld in every human rather than the religious background which these morals came from, it will give a levelled ground for sustainable growth and national development across Africa

Distal tibiofibular synostosis in a Nigerian: A case report

Tibiofibular synostosis (TFS) is a rare cause of recurrent anterior shin pain encountered in sport injuries following the ossification of the tibiofibular membrane. Awareness of distal TFS prevents misinterpretation of X-rays and enables efficient management of individuals with post traumatic TFS. Following maceration of a dissected male cadaver, we came across a tibia and fibula with 29.09 x 11.83 x 22.28 mm ossified distal tibiofibular membrane. The ossified membrane had a 26.16 mm long, inferomedially directed groove on its posterior surface. X-ray of the bones showed an oblique fracture in the distal end of the shaft of fibula which is suggestive of post traumatic tibiofibular synostosis (TFS). Knowledge of distal TFS is important in resolving the puzzle of chronic shin pain of unknown origin and in accurate diagnosis of causes of ankle deformity and malformations.Keywords: Tibiofibular synostosis, post-traumatic ossification, chronic shin pain

Multiple hand anomalies with unusual dermatoglyphic pattern in a Nigerian female

Congenital hand anomalies of the hand is a myriad of deformities resulting from gene mutation and intrauterine environmental insult occurring during the period of limb embryogenesis. Each entity may exhibit a peculiar dermatoglyphic pattern which is genetically predetermined. During routine embryology practical demonstration, we came across a 20 year old female medical student with bilateral post axial polydactyly, bilateral incomplete simple syndactyly between the middle, ring and little fingers and non aligned ulnar border of the hand. Dermatoglyphic studies revealed abnormally high Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), abnormally high atd angle, occurrence of whorl & twin whorl patterns in all but one fingers and palmar crease lines on the thenar eminence, longitudinal to the thumb. Knowledge of anomalies of the hand, their combination and genetic basis is important for improving the outcome of surgical correction and genetic counseling. Keywords: Multiply hand anomalies, Dermatoglyphic patterns, Syndactyly, Polydactyly

Usability of library management software: An evaluation of the learnability of circulation module in service delivery in Federal University Libraries in Nigeria

The study evaluated the learnability of circulation module of Library Management Software (LMS) used in service delivery in Federal University Libraries in Nigeria. Quasi experimental method was adopted for the study. The study evaluated the learnability of circulation module. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 40 participating users for the study from a population of 385 library staff consisting of librarians and para- professional staff. Observation was used as instruction to collect data for the study. Results indicated that SLAM (66.36%,), Alexandria (58.38%) and NewGenLib (65.69%) circulation modules were at acceptable region, but the level of acceptability was low due to usability issues with registration templates and features. The study recommended that registration templates and features should be improved when developing newer version in order to achieve maximal performance within a short time. Keywords: Circulation, Evaluation, Learnability, Library management software, Usability

The Supratrochlear Foramen of the Humerus: Implications for Intramedullary nailing in distal Humerus

Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is an important anatomical variation resulting from perforation of Olecrano- Coranoid septum. In spite of high incidence of STF in Nigerians, there is paucity of literature on STF morphometry and clinical implications.65 dried humeri of unknown sex and age were collected from bone bank of Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan. The dimensions of STF were taken using the digital vernier calliper. The STF was seen in 27.7% of total humeri occurring more frequently on the left side. The commonest shape is oval while the least is triangular. The radiolucency of bones without STF was determined using X-ray. The STF is an important single factor which determines the route and mode of insertion of intramedullary nail during the management of supracondylar fractures. Keywords: Humerus, supratrochlear foramen, intramedullary nailing

Does Peroneal tertius in absentia affect the range of motion of foot dorsiflexion and eversion? A kinesio-anatomical study.

Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion are key swing phase gait movements attributed to peroneus tertius (PT) muscle. PT muscle has been reported to be absent in the different populations. Whether absence of PT muscle leads to changes in Range of Motion (ROM) of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion or not is uncertain. The study was conducted on 338 legs taking from 169 subjects with age ranging from 15 to 70 years. The presence of PT was determined using surface visualization of the tendon marking and the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion was measured. The peroneus tertius was absent in 39 (21 right and 18 left) out of 338 legs studied. There was no significant difference between the mean ROM of foot dorsiflexion and eversion in subjects without PT relative to subjects with PT. The ROM of foot eversion was significantly higher in females. The ROM of leg dorsiflexion showed a significant negative correlation with age. In the absence of PT, there is recruitment of neighboring muscles (Extensor digitorun longus, Peroneus longus and brevis) which interact with biomechanical changes in the structures around the ankle joint to prevent functional compromise of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion. Keywords: Peroneus tertius, range of motion, dorsiflexion, eversion, absentia

Effects of Organic Turmeric on Liver Integrity and Oxidative Stress of the Brain in Rabbits Exposed to Ultraviolet Radiation

This project investigated the effects of organic turmeric on the liver and oxidative stress of the brain in rabbit acutely exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Thirty five weaned rabbits between 8-10 weeks of age, randomly allocated to control (A) and five (5) treatments: B, C, D, E and F were used for this experiment. Treatment A: fed organic feed without turmeric inclusion and not radiated, Treatment B: fed diet supplemented with 2% turmeric as its constituents but not radiated, Treatment C: fed organic feed without turmeric inclusion before but after radiation, Treatment D: fed organic feed without turmeric inclusion before and after radiation. Treatment E: fed diet supplemented with 2% turmeric before but not after radiation. Treatment F: fed diet supplemented with 2% turmeric before and after radiation. There were significant (

Energy-efficient scheduling of flexible flow shop of composite recycling

Composite recycling technologies have been developed to tackle the increasing use of composites in industry and as a result of restrictions placed on landfill disposal. Mechanical, thermal and chemical approaches are the existing main recycling techniques to recover the fibres. Some optimisation work for reducing energy consumed by above processes has also been developed. However, the resource efficiency of recycling composites at the workshop level has never been considered before. Considering the current trend of designing and optimising a system in parallel and the future needs of the composite recycling business, a flexible flow shop for carbon fibre reinforced composite recycling is modelled. Optimisation approaches based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) have been developed to reduce the time and energy consumed for processing composite wastes by searching for the optimal sub-lot splitting and resource scheduling plans. Case studies on different composite recycling scenarios have been conducted to prove the feasibility of the model and the developed algorithm