O COTIDIANO DAS FARMÁCIAS DE MANIPULAÇÃO

As farmácias de manipulação são responsáveis por uma grande alíquota do mercado de medicamentos no Brasil. Para tanto tem-se a preocupação com a qualidade das prescrições e da manipulação propriamente dita como forma de inserir o cenário real das mesmas na formação acadêmica do farmacêutico. O referido trabalho levantou as formulações de maior demanda nas farmácias de manipulação de três municípios do estado do Paraná. O resultado demonstrou que a demanda compõe-se de: cápsulas 48%, emulsões 18%, géis 3%, soluções 15%, xaropes 3%, shampoos 9% e 4% as demais (suspensões, óvulos, supositórios, soluções parenterais, comprimidos, pomadas, papéis entre outras). Levantou-se os estrangulamentos e deficiências do sistema, bem como apontou-se as vantagens da farmácia de manipulação sobre a ótica da Atenção Farmacêutica. THE ROUTINE OF MANIPULATION PHARMACIES Abstract The manipulation pharmacies are responsible for one large fraction of the pharmaceuticals market in Brazil.Consequently, there is amajor concern about the quality of prescriptions and themanipulation itself. Both aspects should be introduced in the academic studies of the pharmacist. This work raised the most demanded formulations in the manipulation pharmacies of three municipalities of Paraná State. The results demonstrated that the demand is divided in: capsules (48%), emulsions (18%), gels (5%), solutions (15%), syrups (3%), shampoos (9%) and 4% in suspensions, vaginal suppositories, suppositories, parenteral solutions, compressed tablets, ointments, and charts among others. It was also raised the major constraints and deficiencies of the system, as well as it was pointed out the advantages of manipulation pharmacies under the viewpoint of pharmaceutical care

Restricted-Range Fishes and the Conservation of Brazilian Freshwaters

Background: Freshwaters are the most threatened ecosystems on earth. Although recent assessments provide data on global priority regions for freshwater conservation, local scale priorities remain unknown. Refining the scale of global biodiversity assessments (both at terrestrial and freshwater realms) and translating these into conservation priorities on the ground remains a major challenge to biodiversity science, and depends directly on species occurrence data of high taxonomic and geographic resolution. Brazil harbors the richest freshwater ichthyofauna in the world, but knowledge on endemic areas and conservation in Brazilian rivers is still scarce. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data on environmental threats and revised species distribution data we detect and delineate 540 small watershed areas harboring 819 restricted-range fishes in Brazil. Many of these areas are already highly threatened, as 159 (29%) watersheds have lost more than 70% of their original vegetation cover, and only 141 (26%) show significant overlap with formally protected areas or indigenous lands. We detected 220 (40%) critical watersheds overlapping hydroelectric dams or showing both poor formal protection and widespread habitat loss; these sites harbor 344 endemic fish species that may face extinction if no conservation action is in place in the near future. Conclusions/Significance: We provide the first analysis of site-scale conservation priorities in the richest freshwater ecosystems of the globe. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that freshwater biodiversity has been neglected in former conservation assessments. The study provides a simple and straightforward method for detecting freshwater priority areas based on endemism and threat, and represents a starting point for integrating freshwater and terrestrial conservation in representative and biogeographically consistent site-scale conservation strategies, that may be scaled-up following naturally linked drainage systems. Proper management (e. g. forestry code enforcement, landscape planning) and conservation (e. g. formal protection) of the 540 watersheds detected herein will be decisive in avoiding species extinction in the richest aquatic ecosystems on the planet.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Gordon and Betty Moore Foundatio

Para que servem os inventários de fauna?

Inventários de fauna acessam diretamente a diversidade de uma localidade, em um determinado espaço e tempo. Os dados primários gerados pelos inventários compõem uma das ferramentas mais importantes na tomada de decisões a respeito do manejo de áreas naturais. Entretanto, vários problemas têm sido observados em diversos níveis relacionados aos inventários de fauna no Brasil e vão desde a formação de recursos humanos até a ausência de padronização, de desenho experimental e de seleção de métodos inadequados. São apresentados estudos de caso com mamíferos, répteis, anfíbios e peixes, nos quais são discutidos problemas como variabilidade temporal e métodos para detecção de fauna terrestre, sugerindo que tanto os inventários quanto os programas de monitoramento devam se estender por prazos maiores e que os inventários devem incluir diferentes metodologias para que os seus objetivos sejam plenamente alcançados.Inventories of fauna directly access the diversity of a locality in a certain period of time. The primary data generated by these inventories comprise one of the most important steps in decisions making regarding the management of natural areas. However, several problems have been observed at different levels related to inventories of fauna in Brazil, and range from the training of humans to the lack of standardization of experimental design and selection of inappropriate methods. We present case studies of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, where they discussed issues such temporal variability and methods for detection of terrestrial fauna, suggesting that both inventories and monitoring programs should be extended for longer terms and that inventories should include different methodologies to ensure that their goals are fully achieved