Replication of Influenza A and B Viruses in Human Diploid Cells

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud.1983Under optimal conditions, of high multiplicities of infection and with trypsin included in the medium throughout the incubation period, high yields of infectious influenza A and B viruses (106-5 p.f.u./ml) and of antigenically active haemagglutinin (HA) (1 ug/HA/106 cells) were produced in human diploid MRC-5 cells. Budding virus particles were seen as spherical or short rod-like protrusions on the surface of the infected cells, and also on cell filopodia. Virus-induced cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions were present in infected cells. This virus—human cell system may be suitable for studies of influenza virus persistence and for production of immunologically active HA antigen.Universidad de Costa Rica, Instituto de Investigaciones en SaludUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

The Development of Language Learning Strategies

This article discusses the strategy repertoires and strategy development of six English children who learned foreign languages at primary school. My study differs from mainstream research in that it focuses on young children and on the development of their strategies, draws on sociocultural theory and uses ethnographic methods. My findings show that the six children developed a range of strategies over the course of a calendar year in spite of receiving no direct strategy instruction. The primary classroom encouraged learner autonomy and stimulated children to reflect on their learning which, in turn, enabled them to refine their strategies

William Mitford and Greek history

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:D55877/85 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

An Athenian trireme reconstructed The British sea trials of Olympias, 1987

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:1863.1873(BAR-IS--486) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Treatment of epidemic and pandemic influenza with neuraminidase and M2 proton channel inhibitors

A small armentarium of anti-influenza drugs now exists, and includes the M2 blockers (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (Relenza and Tamiflu). The neuraminidase inhibitors have certain advantages, including a broader spectrum of antiviral activity, including influenza A and B viruses. On the other hand, there is now much clinical experience with the M2 blockers, and these drugs are inexpensive. It is clear that influenza in different community groups needs to be managed in specific and targeted ways. For example, in the over-65-years and at-risk groups, vaccination will remain a mainstay of disease prevention. However, up to 40% of those in these groups may fail to receive vaccine, and therefore the antivirals can be used therapeutically, or, in defined circumstances, as prophylactics. At present, influenza is hardly managed in the community. The infrequent global outbreaks, pandemics, present further problems. The more extensive use of the two classes of antivirals, and also vaccines, in the important interpandemic years will provide a very significant investment in health benefits in the face of a new pandemic virus in an otherwise completely vulnerable population

The use of partial orthogonalisation for solving large sparse linear systems

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7578.615(OUCL-NAG--93/11) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Analysis of preconditioners for the conjugate gradient method

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7578.615(OUCL-NAG--94/10) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo