Paul Laurence Dunbar\u27s Treatment Of Plantation Life

This thesis will deal with Paul Laurence Dunbar\u27s treatment of plantation life. A background of the era of slavery and the post-slavery period is given to acquaint the reader with the institution of slavery and its aftermath, inasmuch as the literature which Paul Laurence Dunbar wrote portrays the life of the slave and of the freedman. Chapter II relates the story of Dunbar\u27s life and will serve to explain where most of his subject matter was derived. Chapter III deals primarily with Dunbar\u27s poems in Negro dialect which depict life on the plantation. The writer did an intensive study of all of Dunbar\u27s poms in Negro dialect and read all of his primary works. Due to a scarcity of material available the writer was unable to do more research. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to discover Dunbar\u27s conception of plantation life through the study of his poems in Negro dialect depicting plantation sentimentalism, family life, social life, and the religious life of the slave and the freedman. Scope of Study The scope of this study will extend from the introduction of slavery into America in 1618 to the year of Dunbar\u27s death in 1906, The writer read all of Dunbar\u27s poems in Negro dialect, his primary works, Negro histories, and criticisms by authorities in the field of Negro literature

Aberrant Development of Thymocytes in Mice Lacking Laminin-2

In previous in vitro studies, we proposed a role for the extracellular matrix component, laminin- 2, and its integrin receptor, VLA-6, in thymocyte development. The characterization of two dystrophic mouse strains with different defects in laminin-2 allowed us to examine this proposal in vivo. Mice deficient in laminin-2, dy/dy, show a significant reduction in thymus size and number of thymocytes compared to normal littermates. These mice also exhibited apparent alterations of thymic architecture. Examination of the CD4/CD8 populations in dy/dy thymi showed large relative increases in the DN (CD4-CD8-) and SP (CD4+CD8-, CD4-CD8+) populations and a significant decrease in the DP (CD4+CD8+) population. Further examination of the DN population for CD44 and CD25 expression showed a remarkable decrease in the more mature pre-T cell populations. Analysis of apoptosis in situ, and by flow cytometry, in dy/dy thymi revealed a significant increase in apoptotic DN thymocytes in the capsule and subcapsular regions. Interestingly, thymocyte development appeared to proceed normally in dystrophic mice expressing a mutant form of laminin-2, dy2J, as well as, in fetal and neonatal dy/dy mice. We propose that laminin-2 plays an active role in thymocyte development by delivering cell survival and differentiation signals at specific stages of development in young adult mice

bFGF and its low affinity receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy in transgenic mice

bFGF and its low affinity receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy in transgenic mice. HIV-associated nephropathy is characterized by extensive tubulointerstitial disease with epithelial cell injury, microcystic proliferation, and tubular regeneration with glomerulosclerosis. To explore the role of bFGF as a mediator of HIV-induced interstitial disease, we utilized an HIV transgenic mouse model that manifests clinical and histological features observed in patients. In transgenic mice, simultaneous renal epithelial cell proliferation and injury were detected in vivo. In areas of microcystic proliferation, immunoreactive bFGF colocalized with extracellular matrix. Kidneys from transgenic mice had increased bFGF low affinity binding sites, particularly in the renal interstitium. In vitro, transgenic renal tubular epithelial cells proliferated more rapidly and generated tubular structures spontaneously, in marked contrast to nontransgenic renal cells where these pathologic features could be mimicked by exogenous bFGF. These studies suggest that renal bFGF and its receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy

The Evolution of the English Language Institute: Curriculum and Structural Reform

資料・研究ノー

The effectiveness of interventions that support penicillin allergy assessment and delabeling of adult and pediatric patients by nonallergy specialists: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Penicillin allergy records are often incorrect and may result in harm. We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness and safety of nonallergist health care worker delivery of penicillin allergy delabeling. Methods: We searched EMBASE/MEDLINE/CINAHL (Ovid), PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to January 21, 2022 and unpublished studies and gray literature. The proportion of patients allergic to penicillin delabeled and harmed was calculated using random-effects models. Results: Overall, 5019 patients were delabeled. Using allergy history alone, 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9-21%) of 4350 assessed patients were delabeled without reported harm. Direct drug provocation testing resulted in delabeling in 27% (95% CI, 18-37%) of 4207 assessed patients. Of the 1373 patients tested, 98% were delabeled (95% CI, 97-99%), and nonserious harm was reported in 1% (95% CI, 0-2%). Using skin testing, followed by drug provocation testing, 41% (95% CI, 24-59%) of 2890 assessed patients were delabeled. Of the 1294 tested patients, 95.0% (95% CI, 90-99%) were delabeled, and the reported harm was low (0%; (95% CI 0-1%). Conclusion: Penicillin allergy delabeling by nonallergists is efficacious and safe. The proportion of assessed patients who can be delabeled increases with the complexity of testing method, but substantial numbers can be delabeled without skin testing